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QUIZ 6 > Active & Passive Transport > Flashcards

Active & Passive Transport Flashcards

1
Q

total body water (TBW)

A

extracellular fluid + intracellular fluid

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2
Q

extracellular fluid

A

interstitial fluid + plasma volume + transcellular fluid

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3
Q

transcellular fluid is _

A

completely surrounded by epithelial cell (e.g. joint synovial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid)

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4
Q

TBW in males

A

60% of body weight; usually around 42L

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5
Q

TBW in females

A

50% of body weight; usually around 35L

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6
Q

intracellular fluid makes up _

A

60% of total body water (males and females)

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7
Q

extracellular fluid makes up _

A

40% of total body water (males and females)

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8
Q

interstitial fluid makes up _

A

75% of ECF

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9
Q

plasma volume makes up _

A

20% of ECF

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10
Q

transcellular fluid makes up _

A

5% of ECF

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11
Q

blood volume equation

A

(PV)/(1-hematocrit)

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12
Q

Na+ in plasma

A

142mM

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13
Q

K+ in plasma

A

4.4mM

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14
Q

Ca++ in plasma

A

2.4mM total

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15
Q

Cl- in plasma

A

102 mM

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16
Q

Na+ in cell

A

15mM

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17
Q

K+ in cell

A

120mM

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18
Q

Ca++ in cell

A

0.0001mM

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19
Q

Cl- in cell

A

20mM

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20
Q

protein-free plasma

A

[ion] is raised because it was originally only in 93% of plasma (plasma is 7% proteins/lipids); so if protein/lipids are removed –> ion concentration will mM/0.93 which will go up

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21
Q

examples of passive transport

A

facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion

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22
Q

determinants of passive transport

A

size, charge, and lipid solubility

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23
Q

When is diffusion not random?

A

when some other force (gravity, pressure, electrical charge) influences the motion

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24
Q

simple diffusion occurs through _

A

channels/pores or lipid bilayer

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25
Q

pores are _

A

non-gated; always open

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26
Q

channels are _

A

gated

27
Q

channel gates can be open due to

A

voltage difference across membrane or binding of ligand

28
Q

facilitated transport requires _

A

a carrier protein but no energy

29
Q

glucose used _

A

a uniporter to achieve facilitated diffusion

30
Q

glucose transporter expression depends on _

A

insulin present in blood

31
Q

GLUT1

A

in tissues

32
Q

GLUT2

A

livers, kidneys, pancreas

33
Q

GLUT3

A

tissues

34
Q

GLUT4

A

muscle and fat

35
Q

GLUT5

A

small intestine

36
Q

active transport

A

movement of molecules/ions against their concentration gradient

37
Q

active transport exhibits _

A

specificity and saturation

38
Q

types of active transport

A

primary and secondary

39
Q

primary active transport

A

directly uses ATP to move a molecule against its concentration gradient

40
Q

secondary active transport

A

uses the movement of one molecule with its concentration gradient to move another molecule against its concentration gradient (indirectly uses ATP)

41
Q

examples of primary active transport

A

Na+K+ pump, Ca++ pump, H+K+ pump, ABC transporters

42
Q

secondary active transport examples

A

Na+/glucose co-transport, Na+/amino acid cotransport, Ca++/Na+, H+/Na+

43
Q

ATP-powered pumps

A

P, V, C, ABC

44
Q

P pump

A

moves only ions

45
Q

F pump

A

moves only H+

46
Q

V pump

A

moves only H+

47
Q

ABC pump

A

moves ions and drugs

48
Q

ATP binding sites on pumps are on the _ side

A

cytosolic; ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate when ions/molecules are transported

49
Q

Na+/K+ pump is an example of a _

A

P-type pump

50
Q

Na+ is highest _

A

outside of the cell

51
Q

K+ is highest _

A

inside of the cell

52
Q

Na+/K+ pump

A

3 Na+ go out and 2 K+ come in

53
Q

Na+/K+ pump cycle

A

E1 form of pump has ATP bound and IC gate open –> 3 Na+ bind –> ATP hydrolyzed –> E1 pump is phosphorylated (E1-P) and IC gate is closed –> changes to E2-P, causing EC gate to open –> Na+ exits and K+ binds the E2-P pump –> E2 loses its phosphate, closing the EC gate –> gate is opened intracellularly to release K+

54
Q

ouabain

A

binds to E2-P version of pump and blocks the binding of K+

55
Q

H-K pump is an example of a _

A

P type pump

56
Q

H-K pump

A

found in the gastric glands of the stomach; takes up K+ and extrudes H+

57
Q

Ca++ pump is an example of a _

A

P-type pump

58
Q

ABC1 superfamily

A

mediates efflux of cholesterol and phospholipids

59
Q

MDR subfamily

A

multidrug resistance transporters; found in liver, kidney, and GI tract; extrudes cationic metabolites and drugs

60
Q

MDR1

A

pumps-anti cancer drugs out of cancer cells, rendering cells resistant to the drugs

61
Q

2 major classes of secondary active transporters

A

cotransporters (symporters) and exchangers (antiporters)

62
Q

Na+/glucose transporter

A

Na+ is passively leaking back into the intracellular fluid (high to low) and glucose piggy backs into the intracellular fluid with it (low to high)

63
Q

Where does the energy to move glucose against its concentration gradient come from?

A

the Na+ electrochemical gradient maintained by the Na+/K+ pump

QUIZ 6 (11 decks)

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