Overview of Nervous System Flashcards
Parasympathetic Nervous System
activated under non-stressful conditions and produces symptoms called the “Rest and Digest” response. HR and BP decline, digestive processes are promoted and bronchi constrict.
Sympathetic Nervous System
activated under conditions of stress and produces a set of actions called the “Fight-or-Flight” response. Activation of this system will read the body for an immediate response to a potential threat. heart rate and BP increase and more blood is shunted to the skeletal muscles. The liver produces glucose for energy and the bronchi dilate to allow more air into the lungs.
Medication Action in the Autonomic System
5 actions are possible
- medications may affect the synthesis of the neurotransmitter( can increase or decrease the amount of neurotransmitter available)
- medications can prevent the storage of neurotransmitters, and thus inhibit autonomic function
- Medications can influence the release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic nerve; either promoting release (causing stimulation) or slowing release (causing inhibition)
- Medications can bind to the receptor site on the post synaptic neuron either as an agonist (stimulating) or antagonist (blocker)
- medications can prevent the reuptake or destruction of the neurotransmitter - causing it to be. around longer and stimulation to be prolonged
In the sympathetic nervous system, the receptors at the end of the postganglionic sympathetic neruons are called adrenergic which comes from the word adrenaline. fight or flight. there are 4 subtypes of adrenergic receptors:
- alpha 1 and 2
- beta 1 and 2
- the neurotransmitters at the synapses are called catecholamines in general but the specific ones for the SNS are norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine
In the parasympathetic nervous system the receptors are called cholinergic receptors: two subtypes
- nicotinic
- muscarinic
acetylcholine main neurotransmitter
Autonomic Drugs
- ## drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (adrenergic receptors) are called sympatholytics, or adrenergic agonists. They produce classic symptoms of the fight or flight response
Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system
drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system (cholinergic receptors). these drugs are called cholinergics, parasympatholytics, or muscarinic agonists. They produce the characteristic symptoms of the rest and digest response
Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system
drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system (cholinergic receptors). these drugs are called cholinergics, parasympatholytics, or muscarinic agonists. They produce the characteristic symptoms of the rest and digest response
Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system
drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system (cholinergic receptors). these drugs are called cholinergics, parasympatholytics, or muscarinic agonists. They produce the characteristic symptoms of the rest and digest response
Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system
drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system (cholinergic receptors). these drugs are called cholinergics, parasympatholytics, or muscarinic agonists. They produce the characteristic symptoms of the rest and digest response
Inhibition of the SNS drugs
called adrenergic antagonists, antiadrenergics or adrenergic blockers. they produce actions opposite to the adrenergics
Inhibition of the SNS drugs
called adrenergic antagonists, antiadrenergics or adrenergic blockers. they produce actions opposite to the adrenergics
Inhibition of the PNS drugs
called anticholinergics, parasympatholytics, or muscarinic blockers. they produce actions opposite to cholinergics.
Sympathetic
- adrenergic receptors (alpha and beta)
- agonists and mimetics produce or mimic the sympathetic response
- antagonist, anti-, and blockers block or produce opposite actions to the adrenergic/sympathetic system
Parasympathetic
cholinergic receptors (muscarinic, nicotinic)
mimetics and agonists produce or mimic the parasympathetic response
Lytics, anti- blockers block and produce actions opposite to those of the PSNS
