overview of most of the main content Flashcards
What are atoms made up of
Sub-atomic particles
Types of subatomic particles
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
Protons
Type of subatmoic particle that is postiviely charged
Electrons
Type of subatomic particle that is negatively charged
Neutrons
Type of subatomic particle that has no charge
What kind of energy does an atom have
nuclear energy
What is the number of protons equivalent to
Number of electrons
Electricity
Electricity is a result of interaction
between charges
How is electricity produced
Electricity is produced when electrons and protons are separated and
re-united.
How do electrons transfer from one object to another
2 objects are rubbed together
Electrical conductors
materials that allow for electrons to flow
easily and have low resistance
Electrical Insulators:
Materials such as rubber that don’t allow electrons to flow, can leak charge slightly and have high resistance.
Semi-conductors
are materials that are insulators in their pure form, but become
conductors when combined with small amounts of another substance eg. silicon
Electrostatic charge
Electrostatic charge is the build up of charge on an uncharged
object or surface.
3 rules of electrostatics
Like charges repel
Unlike charges attract
Charged objects attract neutral objects
Static discharge
transferring of electrons from one object to another
What causes sparks?
sparks happen when there is enough force to move electrons quickly across a gap.
How does an atom get a positive charge
when electrons get knocked or pulled away from an atom
How is the flow of electrons created
When electrons break free and get attached to another atom
Current(electric current/current electricty)
Movement of electrons through a wire
Electrical energy
energy that is caused
by moving electric charges.
Electric circuits
are the pathway travelled by electrical energy
energy source/power supply
pushes electrons around the circuit and provides the electrical energy eg. battery
energy user/load/resistor
converts electrical energy into other useful forms of energy eg. light globe
A CONDUCTING PATH
allows electrons to flow around the circuit eg. wires
what unit is current measured in
Current is measured as ampere
Ammetere
Ammeters measure the amount of
electrons that flow through a circuit per second
measures current
Voltage
Voltage is a measure of the amount of forceneeded to move electrons in
the circuit.
What intstrument is current measured with
ammetre
What is a series circuit like
In a series circuit, the components are connected one after
another along a single conducting pathway.
What is a parallel circuit like
In a parallel circuit each component is separately connected to the energy source. -componets arranged parallel from eachtoher -2 pathways
What is a parallel circuit like
In a parallel circuit each component is separately connected to the energy source. -componets arranged parallel from eachtoher -2 pathways
summary of series circuit
one pathway
voltage shared
current same
summary of parelle circuit
2 pathways
voltage same
current shared
What instrument is voltage measrued with
voltmeter
Resistance
Is a measure of how difficult it is for electrons to
move through an object.
What is resistance measured in
OHM
What instrument is resistance measured with
multimetre
2 types of resistors
variable resistors-have resistance that can be altered
fixed resistors- resistors that have fixed resistance
How is volts made-equation
V= I x R Voltage = current X resistance
How is current made-equation
I= V/R
Currnet=voltage divided by resistance
How is resistance created-equation
R=V/I
resistance = voltage divided by current
Temperature-dependent Resistors
devices that change their resistance when
the temperature varies, which affects the amount
of current flowing through a circuit.
Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs)
use
light to change the amount of
electrical current that moves through
a circuit
Fuse
a switch or wire in circuits that melts or burns when current flows too fast
Fixed resistor
resistor with fixed resistance
variable resistor
resistor that can alter its resistance
direct current
current produec by a battery that flows in a single direction
alternating current
type of current that periodically reverses its direction
