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CCP 6 > Overview of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Overview of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

morphology is derived from

A

Gr. Morphos = shape or form

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3
Q

Gr. ana means

A

“up”

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4
Q

tome means

A

“cutting”

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5
Q

16th century, Father of Anatomy
a Belgian Physician

A

Andreas Versalius (1514-1564)

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6
Q

author of:
The workings of the Human Body
7-volume collection of anatomic drawings

A

De Humani Corporis Fabrica (1543)

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7
Q

4 anatomy: levels of study

A

gross or macroscopic anatomy
surface anatomy
microscopic anatomy
developmental anatomy

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8
Q

Larger structures
can be seen with the naked eye

A

gross or macroscopic anatomy

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9
Q

gross or macroscopic anatomy approach of study:

A

regional anatomy
systemic anatomy

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10
Q

study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

A

surface anatomy

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11
Q

locate the bump - 2nd pair of ribs are attached: top of the heart is located

A

sternal angle or angle of louis

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12
Q

locate the prominent bump, next 2 spine - location of the top of the heart at the back side

A

spinous process of 7th cervical vertebra (C-7)

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13
Q
  • structures that cannot be seen with the naked eye
  • structures can only be viewed with a microscope
A

microscopic anatomy

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14
Q

subdivisions of microscopic anatomy

A

cytology and histology

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15
Q

traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span

A

developmental anatomy

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16
Q

concerns developmental changes that occur before birth

A

embryology

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17
Q

special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding

A

language of anatomy

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17
Q

language of anatomy’s exact terms are used for:

A

position, direction, regions, structures

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18
Q
  • person stands with erect feet together and eyes forward
  • palms face anteriorly with thumbs pointed away from the body
  • right and left always refers to the sides belonging to the person or specimen being viewed: never to the viewer
A

anatomical position

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19
Q

ventral and anterior are the same and so are dorsal and posterior

A

humans

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20
Q

ventral is on the inferior side and dorsal is on the superior side

A

four-legged animals

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21
Q

anterior and posterior body landmarks

axial region & appendicular region (thorax, abdomen, back)

A

regional terms

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22
Q

directional terms:

A

superior (cranial or cephalad), inferior (caudal), ventral (anterior), dorsal (posterior), medial, lateral, intermediate, proximal, distal, superficial, deep

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22
Q

toward the head end or upper part of a structure/body; above

A

superior (cranial or cephalad)

23
Q

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure/body; below

A

inferior (caudal)

24
Q

toward or at the front of the body; in front

A

ventral (anterior)

25
Q

toward or at the backside of the body; behind

A

dorsal (posterior)

26
Q

toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

A

medial

27
Q

away from the midline of the body; outer side of the body

A

lateral

28
Q

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

A

intermediate

29
Q

close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk

A

proximal

30
Q

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to a body trunk

A

distal

31
Q

toward or at the body surface

A

superficial

32
Q

away from the body surface; more internal

A

deep

33
Q

imaginary line drawn through the body which separates it into sections

A

body plane: sagittal plane, coronal plane, transverse plane

34
Q

divides the body into left and right sides

A

sagittal plane (median;midsagittal)

35
Q

divides the body into front and back section

A

coronal plane

36
Q

divides the body into sections above and below the midline

A

transverse plane

37
Q
  • cranial cavity houses the brain
  • spinal cavity houses the spinal cord
A

dorsal body cavity

38
Q
  • thoracic cavity houses heart, lungs, and others
  • abdominopelvic cavity houses digestive system and most urinary system organs
A

ventral body cavity

39
Q

within the rigid skull, contains the brain

A

cranial cavity

39
Q

which runs within the bony vertebral column, protects the spinal cord

A

spinal cavity

40
Q

divisions of the spinal cord

A

cervical vertebrae: C (cervical nerves)
thoracic vertebrae: T (thoracic nerves)
lumbar vertebrae: L (lumbar nerves)
sacrum: S (sacral nerves)

41
Q
  • pleural cavity
  • mediastinum
  • pericardial cavity
A

thoracic cavity

42
Q

abdominal cavity: stomach, intestines, liver
pelvic cavity

A

abdominopelvic cavity

43
Q

abdominopelvic quadrants

A

RIGHT UPPER Q
RIGHT LOWER Q
LEFT UPPER Q
LEFT LOWER Q

44
Q

called serous membranes or serosa

A

ventral body cavities membranes

45
Q

lines internal body walls

A

parietal serosa

46
Q

covers the internal organs

A

visceral serosa

47
Q

separates the serosae

A

serous fluid

48
Q

right hypochondriac region organs

A

liver
gallbladder

49
Q

organs in the left hypochondriac region

A

diaphragm
spleen

50
Q

epigastric region organs

A

stomach

51
Q

right lumbar region organs

A

ascending colon of large intestine

52
Q

left lumbar region organs

A

descending colon of large intestine

53
Q

umbilical region organs

A

transverse colon of large intestine
small intestine

54
Q

right iliac (inguinal) region organs

A

cecum
appendix

55
Q

left iliac (inguinal) region organs

A

initial part of sigmoid colon

56
Q

hypogastric (pubic) region organs

A

urinary bladder

CCP 6 (8 decks)

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