1B Flashcards
physis means
nature
logos means
study
The science of studying the functional
activities and their mechanisms in the
biological body
physiology
emphasized the relationship between structure and function
ARISTOTLE
first to perform experiments to understand the function of the body
the father of physiology
GALEN
first “physiologist” of the world, in the modern sense
In the 17th century, he first described the circulatory system and its interaction with the body
WILLIAM HARVEY
French Physiologist
propounded the concept of milieu interieur or internal environment and established physiology as the scientific basis of medicine.
Father of Modern Physiology
CLAUDE BERNARD
How do we breathe?
How does blood flow?
How do RBCs transport O2?
process
Why do we breathe?
Why does blood flow?
Why do RBC transport O2?
function
Resulting from a pathophysiological
response to external or internal factors.
* Ex: Cardiovascular disease
disease
A disruption of the disease to normal or
regular functions in the body or a part of
the body.
* Ex: arrhythmia (abnormal heartbeat)
disorder
Refers to a disease or a disorder that has
more than one identifying feature or
symptom.
* A collection or set of signs and symptoms
that characterize or suggest a particular
disease.
* Ex: Down syndrome
syndrome
An abnormal state of health that interferes
with the usual activities or feeling of well
being.
* Ex: chronic fatigue syndrome is a
neurological condition, diagnosed from a
collection of symptoms in addition to the
main symptom of post-exertional malaise.
condition
- Subjective
- Feelings and concerns that you feel
- Perceived only by the person who is experiencing
them. - Ex: Shortness of breath
symptoms
- Objective
- Something that others can observe or measure
- Can be detected by various tools (e.g.
stethoscope, x-rays, lab tests) - Ex: wheezing
signs
LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION
chemical level
cellular level
tissue level
organ level
system level
organism level
takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and eliminates unabsorbed matter (feces)
digestive system
takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide
respiratory system
via the blood, distributes oxygen and nutrients to all body cells and delivers wastes and carbon dioxide to disposal organs
cardiovascular system
eliminates nitrogenous wastes and excess ions
urinary system
protects the body as a whole from the external environment
integumentary system
INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT REMAINS DISTINCT FROM THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
MAINTAIN BOUNDARIES
*LOCOMOTION
*MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES
MOVEMENT
*ABILITY TO SENSE CHANGES AND REACT
*INCLUDES INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL STIMULUS
RESPONSIVENESS OR EXCITABILITY
*BREAKDOWN AND ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS
DIGESTION
*CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITHIN THE
BODY
*BREAK DOWN COMPLEX MOLECULES INTO SMALLER ONES
*BUILD LARGER MOLECULES FROM SMALLER ONES
*PRODUCES ENERGY
*REGULATED BY HORMONES
METABOLISM
*ELIMINATES WASTE FROM METABOLIC REACTIONS
*WASTES MAY BE REMOVED IN URINE OR FECES
EXCRETION
*OCCURS ON THE CELLULAR LEVEL OR ORGANISMAL LEVEL
*PRODUCES FUTURE GENERATION
REPRODUCTION
*INCREASES CELL SIZE AND NUMBER OF CELLS
GROWTH
*CHEMICALS FOR ENERGY AND CELL BUILDING
*OXYGEN
*INCLUDES CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, LIPIDS, VITAMINS, AND MINERALS
NUTRIENTS
*REQUIRED FOR CHEMICAL REACTIONS
OXYGEN
*60 TO 80 PERCENT OF BODY WEIGHT
*MOST ABUNDANT CHEMICAL IN THE HUMAN BODY
*PROVIDES FOR METABOLIC REACTION
WATER
STABLE BODY TEMPERATURE
37°C (98°F)
*MUST BE APPROPRIATE FOR GAS EXCHANGE
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
