overview of hematology Flashcards
what are the three types of blood and also the solid portion of the blood?
Red Blood Cells (RBCs) / erythrocytes
White Blood Cells (WBCs) / leukocytes
Platelets (PLTs) / thrombocytes
study of blood cells using staining,
counting, analyzing and recording of appearance,
genotype and phenotype of each cell.
Hematology
Anucleated, biconcave, discoid cells filled with protein
(hemoglobin)
Red blood cells
Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
Red blood cells
loss of oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
▪ reduced RBC count or reduced RBC hemoglobin
concentration
Anemia
▪ increased RBC count
▪ increased circulating RBC mass that leads to
hyperviscosity.
Polycythemia
_______ matches the osmolality of RBC
Normal saline
what is the dilution of RBC
1:200
a glass pipette designed for dilution
thoma pipette
it is called a glass counting chamber
hemacytometer
RBCs are assayed for?
Hemoglobin concentration and Hematocrit
HGB measurement relies on what solution?
weak solution - potassium cyanide and potassium ferricyanide
potassium cyanide and potassium ferricyanide is called?
Drabkin reagent
it is a mixture of whole blood and drabkin reagent
cyanmethemoglobin
what is the absorbance of cyanmethemoglobin in spectrometer?
540 nm wavelength
alternative for ionic surfactant?
sodium lauryl sulfate
ratio of the volume of packed RBCs to the
volume of whole blood.
Hematocrit
also called “packed cell volume”
hematocrit
light-colored layer between RBCs and
plasma which contains WBCs and platelets
buffy coat
volume measurement
recorded in femtoliters (fL). RBC diameter on Wrightstained blood film
mean cell volume
grams
per deciliter (g/dL). RBC staining intensity and central
pallor
mean cell hemoglobin concentration
variation in diameter or size?
anisocytosis
Indicate the ability of bone marrow to increase RBC
production
polychromatic erythrocytes
used to differentiate and count young RBCs
methylene blue
- present as protection against infection and injury.
- produce in bone marrow or lymphoid tissue.
white blood cells
what is the dilution of WBC
1:20
decrease in WBC
Leukopenia
increase in WBC
Leukocytosis
multilobed,
pink- or lavender staining
Engulf and destroy
microorganisms and foreign materials
Neutrophils
increase in
neutrophils
associated in
bacterial infection
Neutrophilia
decrease in neutrophils
Neutropenia
less mature neutrophils
Bands
Round, bright
orange-red
cytoplasmic
granules and filled with proteins for immune regulation
Eosinophils
elevated eosinophil
level associated in
allergy or parasitic
infection.
Eosinophilia
Dark purple,
irregular
cytoplasmic
granules and contains histamines
Basophils
increased level of
basophils
associated in
hematologic
disease
Basophilia
provide host immunity
- recognize
antigens, mount
humoral
(antibodies), and
cell-mediated
antagonistic
response
Lymphocytes
increase in
lymphocytes
associated with
viral infections
Lymphocytosis
- decreased level
associated with
drug therapy or
immunodeficiency
Lymphocytopenia
- immature
macrophage - most
abundant cell
type in body
Monocytes
increase in
monocytes found
in infections or
inflammation
Monocytosis
uncontrolled proliferation of clone malignant
WBCS
Leukemia
– common form of
childhood leukemia.
Lymphoblastic leukemia
Maintains blood vessel integrity
Platelets
Adheres to damage blood vessels to form plug and
trigger thrombosis
Platelets
signal inflammation or trauma
Thrombocytosis
– rare malignant condition
caused by extremely high platelet count and uncontrolled
platelet production
Essential thrombocythemia
common consequence of drug
treatment.
thrombocytopenia
percent distribution of tabulated 100
(or more) WBCs
WBC differentials
do not flow in bloodstream
Endothelial cells
the liquid clotted portion of blood
serum
the liquid unclotted portion of the blood
plasma
transports and nourishes blood cells and provides coagulation enzymes that protects the blood vessel?
Plasma
what is the least granulocyte in blood composition
basophil
what is the most abundant blood composition in children?
lymphocyte
what is the term called in different shape?
poikilocytosis
what is the NSS isotomic solution of RBC?
0.85%
what does the osmality do?
it gives balance to the blood hence the reason why the NSS of the solution match the osmality
how is RBC reported?
cells per microliter
what is the rbc distribution width?
11.5 to 14.5%
what is term used for have normal characteristics?
normocytic
what is the reference interval for the RBC of males?
4.20 - 6.00
what is the reference interval for the RBC of females?
3.80 to 5.20
what part of the coagulation is when platelets respond to vascular injury?
primary homeostasis
what part of coagulation is when the proteins are in the plasma?
secondary homeostasis
this is the final stage of coagulation and digest clot
Fibrinolysis
