Overview of Healthcare Provision Flashcards
What is the WHO’s definition of health?
- A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing.
- Not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
- A positive concept emphasising social, personal and physical capacities.
What is the WHO’s definition of health systems?
All organisations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore and maintain health.
List 5 key objectives of health systems.
1 - To improve health status of individuals and communities.
2 - To defend against health threats.
3 - To protect against the financial consequences of ill-health.
4 - To provide equitable access to people-centred care.
5 - To assist people to participate in decisions affecting their health.
Define public health.
The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts of society.
What are the 3 components of public health?
1 - Improving the health of populations.
2 - Protecting the health of populations.
3 - Improving the health service received by populations.
List 2 ways by which public health IMPROVES the health of populations.
By addressing wider determinants such as:
1 - Lifestyles.
2 - Inequalities.
List two ways by which public health PROTECTS the health of populations.
1 - By controlling infectious diseases.
2 - By removing environmental hazards.
List 3 ways by which public health improves health services.
1 - By improving equity of healthcare.
2 - By improving service planning.
3 - By monitoring clinical effectiveness.
Describe a generic model for implementing public health.
1 - Population health needs identified.
2 - Healthcare delivered and evaluated at a population level.
3 - Focus on equity.
4 - Assign doctors to advocate for communities.
Describe the 3 types of prevention.
1 - Primary prevention includes promoting and maintaining good health before the onset of disease by reducing risk factors.
2 - Secondary prevention includes early detection and treatment of ill health.
3 - Tertiary prevention includes managing established conditions.
What is the primary form of secondary prevention?
Screening.
List 3 objectives of tertiary prevention.
1 - Limiting the progression of the disease.
2 - Rehabilitation.
3 - Minimising disability.
List 2 objectives of end-of-life care.
1 - Controlling symptoms.
2 - Providing patients with choice / control.
List 3 way by which healthcare is compartmentalised.
1 - Health care vs social care.
2 - Physical services vs mental services.
3 - By physiological systems.
What is an integrated care model of care?
Where health and social care are delivered from a patient’s perspective by combining care across:
- Health and social care.
- Primary, secondary and tertiary care.
- Population approaches and individual approaches.
List 4 advantages of integrated care.
1 - Ensures patients with a range of long-term health and social care needs don’t have to have multiple appointments.
2 - Improves communication that may otherwise be poor between services.
3 - Removes the difficulty of navigating through a complex interconnected system.
4 - Improves access to wider ranges of services.
When was power over healthcare provision devolved to the four UK nations?
1999.
List 2 characteristic features of Scotland’s healthcare system.
1 - It uses an integrated model of care.
2 - It has a strong emphasis on performance management.
List 2 characteristic features of the healthcare systems of Wales and Northern Ireland.
1 - They use trust & altruism models of care.
2 - They have less emphasis on performance management.
List 2 characteristic features of England’s healthcare system.
1 - Patients are able to choose where they receive their secondary care.
2 - There is provider competition (as a result of above).
What is the purchaser / provider split?
The separation of providers of care (the hospitals) and the purchasers of care (the GP practices), creating an internal market.
What is the main aim of the purchaser / provider split?
To create competition between providers.
Which of the 4 UK nations use the purchaser / provider split?
England and Northern Ireland.
Which of the four UK nations integrate both health and social services in their healthcare system?
Scotland and Northern Ireland, however England and Wales are also beginning to do so.
Which of the four UK nations offer free social care for people aged over 65?
Scotland only.
Which of the four UK nations offer free prescriptions?
All but England.
Which of the four UK nations allow private healthcare services to compete with public healthcare services by encouraging public purchasers to contract with private providers?
England only.
List 2 arguments for allowing private healthcare services to compete with public healthcare services.
1 - Developing patient choice.
2 - To increase provider competition.
