Overview of Healthcare Provision Flashcards

1
Q

What is the WHO’s definition of health?

A
  • A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing.
  • Not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
  • A positive concept emphasising social, personal and physical capacities.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the WHO’s definition of health systems?

A

All organisations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore and maintain health.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List 5 key objectives of health systems.

A

1 - To improve health status of individuals and communities.

2 - To defend against health threats.

3 - To protect against the financial consequences of ill-health.

4 - To provide equitable access to people-centred care.

5 - To assist people to participate in decisions affecting their health.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define public health.

A

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts of society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 components of public health?

A

1 - Improving the health of populations.

2 - Protecting the health of populations.

3 - Improving the health service received by populations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List 2 ways by which public health IMPROVES the health of populations.

A

By addressing wider determinants such as:

1 - Lifestyles.

2 - Inequalities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List two ways by which public health PROTECTS the health of populations.

A

1 - By controlling infectious diseases.

2 - By removing environmental hazards.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List 3 ways by which public health improves health services.

A

1 - By improving equity of healthcare.

2 - By improving service planning.

3 - By monitoring clinical effectiveness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe a generic model for implementing public health.

A

1 - Population health needs identified.

2 - Healthcare delivered and evaluated at a population level.

3 - Focus on equity.

4 - Assign doctors to advocate for communities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the 3 types of prevention.

A

1 - Primary prevention includes promoting and maintaining good health before the onset of disease by reducing risk factors.

2 - Secondary prevention includes early detection and treatment of ill health.

3 - Tertiary prevention includes managing established conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the primary form of secondary prevention?

A

Screening.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List 3 objectives of tertiary prevention.

A

1 - Limiting the progression of the disease.

2 - Rehabilitation.

3 - Minimising disability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List 2 objectives of end-of-life care.

A

1 - Controlling symptoms.

2 - Providing patients with choice / control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List 3 way by which healthcare is compartmentalised.

A

1 - Health care vs social care.

2 - Physical services vs mental services.

3 - By physiological systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an integrated care model of care?

A

Where health and social care are delivered from a patient’s perspective by combining care across:

  • Health and social care.
  • Primary, secondary and tertiary care.
  • Population approaches and individual approaches.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List 4 advantages of integrated care.

A

1 - Ensures patients with a range of long-term health and social care needs don’t have to have multiple appointments.

2 - Improves communication that may otherwise be poor between services.

3 - Removes the difficulty of navigating through a complex interconnected system.

4 - Improves access to wider ranges of services.

17
Q

When was power over healthcare provision devolved to the four UK nations?

A

1999.

18
Q

List 2 characteristic features of Scotland’s healthcare system.

A

1 - It uses an integrated model of care.

2 - It has a strong emphasis on performance management.

19
Q

List 2 characteristic features of the healthcare systems of Wales and Northern Ireland.

A

1 - They use trust & altruism models of care.

2 - They have less emphasis on performance management.

20
Q

List 2 characteristic features of England’s healthcare system.

A

1 - Patients are able to choose where they receive their secondary care.

2 - There is provider competition (as a result of above).

21
Q

What is the purchaser / provider split?

A

The separation of providers of care (the hospitals) and the purchasers of care (the GP practices), creating an internal market.

22
Q

What is the main aim of the purchaser / provider split?

A

To create competition between providers.

23
Q

Which of the 4 UK nations use the purchaser / provider split?

A

England and Northern Ireland.

24
Q

Which of the four UK nations integrate both health and social services in their healthcare system?

A

Scotland and Northern Ireland, however England and Wales are also beginning to do so.

25
Q

Which of the four UK nations offer free social care for people aged over 65?

A

Scotland only.

26
Q

Which of the four UK nations offer free prescriptions?

A

All but England.

27
Q

Which of the four UK nations allow private healthcare services to compete with public healthcare services by encouraging public purchasers to contract with private providers?

A

England only.

28
Q

List 2 arguments for allowing private healthcare services to compete with public healthcare services.

A

1 - Developing patient choice.

2 - To increase provider competition.