Overview of Healthcare in England Flashcards
Define health
A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease
Health is a positive concept emphasising social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities
List the conditions necessary for health to occur.
Ottowa charter for health promotion (1992) peace shelter education food income sustainable resources stable economy social justice, equity
What is WHO’s definition of health systems?
All organisations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore and maintain health
What are the 5 key componenets of health systems?
2 x prevent ill health
3 x deal with disease
- Continual improvement of health status of individuals/families/communities
- Defence against health threats
- Protections against the financial consequences of ill-health
- Equitable access to people-centered care
- Assisting people to participate in decisions affecting their health
What is the definition of public health?
The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts of society
It is concerned with improving the health of populations
What are the 3 main components of public health?
- Health improvement
- Health protection
- Health service improvement
Give an example of when there may be conflict between individual and population healthcare?
A really expensive drug
Giving the drug would benefit the individual
Not giving the drug would benefit the population
Define primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Give examples of each/
Primary = promoting and maintaining good health, reduce risk factors, address wider health determinants Secondary = early detection and treatment of causes of ill-health, screening, care pathways etc Tertiary = Optimal management of established conditions, limit disease progression, rehabilitation, minimise disability
What factors contribute to the changing healthcare requirements in this country?
- ageing population
- immigration
- antibiotic resistance
- increased prevalence of chronic illness
- alcohol consumption
- supply and demand
- expectations
Describe the differences between traditional health service models and integrated care
Traditional
- disease based approach
- separate health and social care
- separate physical and mental health serves
Integrated
- integrate services and combine care across different disciplines
- improved access to services
- single assessment
- good communication systems
- shared care plan between services and patient
What is the social care act 2012?
- clinically led commissioning
- increased patient involvement
- a focus on public health
- a focus on quality of healthcare
- allowing healthcare market competition
Describe ‘a vision for NHS future models of care: Five Year Forward View’
Priorities: prevention, quality, empowering patients, engaging communities
Direction of travel: networks of care, out of hospital care, integration around patients
What is the role of local authorities in prevention?
Health improvement and health protection - prevent poor housing - lifestyle advice - nutrition, PA initiatives - research - national child measurement programme Provision of public health services - smoking cessation, weight management - sex, drugs and alcohol services - health checks - services for children and young people
What are the 3 strands to delivering quality care (NHS England)?
patient safety
clinical effectiveness
patient experience
What are the 2 overarching quality outcomes of public health?
increased healthy life expectancy
reduce differences between life expectancy an healthy life expectancy between communities
