Disability Studies and Health Flashcards
Name some historical legislation regarding people with disabilities.
The Old Poor Law 1601 The Gilberts Act 1782 The New Poor Law Act 1832 1886 Idiots Act 1890 Lunacy Act
Describe the role of eugenics in the treatment of people with disabilities in the past
Eugenics = the application of biological principles to upgrade the physical and mental strength of the nation
Trying to prevent the ‘weak’ in society from reproducing and propagating their kind
What 4 strategies did the Eugenics Education Society think would prevent such degeneration of society?
sterilisation
marital regulation
birth control
segregation of the unfit
What meanings did the following have in history:
- Idiot
- Imbecile
- Feeble
- Moral Imbecile
- Idiot = someone who is unable to guard himself abasing common physical dangers
- Imbecile = someone who is incapable of managing or being taught to manage his own affairs
- Feeble minded = someone requiring care and supervision for his own protection or the protection of others
- Moral Imbecile = not mentally defective
What helped end discrimination of disabled people?
Formation of the NHS is 1942
The Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970
What is the tragedy-charity model?
- This depicts people as victims of circumstance, deserving of pity.
- Traditionally used by charities to fund raise.
- Model is graphically illustrated in Children in Need appeals
- This model is condemned by its critics as disenabling
- From tregedy and pity stem a culture of care.
- Critics suggest that charity fund should be channeled to promote empowerment of disabled people, full integration into society as equal citizens
Describe how the following helped in the discrediting of institutional care:
- Discrediting the eugenics movement
- Hospital scandals
- The growth of therapeutic optimism
Discrediting the eugenics movement
- this occurred due to its association with Nazi regime in Germany. Also the challenge that environmental factors can raise IQ scores
Hospital scandals
- series of scandals from he 1960’s onwards revealed the severe neglect of people in institutions
The growth of therapeutic optimism
- professionals in certain areas began to believe that positive change is possible due to the application of new treatment techniques
What is the medical model? The following who definitions illustrate this: - Impairment - Disability - Handicap
- disability results from an individual persons limitations
- it is not associated with social or geographical environments
- Impairment = any loss or abnormality or psychological, physiological or anatomical structure
- Disability = any restriction or lack of ability (resulting from an impairment) to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being
- Handicap = any disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment or disability that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role that is normal for that individual
What is the social model?
Disability is a consequence of environmental, social and attitudinal barriers
- ‘the loss or limitation or oppurtunities to take part in the normal life of the community on an equal level with others, due to physical or social barriers’
- it argues that disability stems from a failure of society to adjust to meet the needs and aspirations of a disabled minority
What is the social model’s main criticism?
- it can be taken to an extreme, it suggest that disability would be eradicated if society was changed in the appropriate ways
- it does not acknowledge the limitations which many result from impairment that change in the social context could not remove
What is the social adapted model (bio psycho social model) approach?
- advocated by WHO
- based on the social model but incorporates elements of the medical model by identifying the significance of impairments.
- it recognises that not all problems of impairments can be currently addressed, but if we recognise our environment as discriminatory then we can do much to change it
- it recognised that the inability of some people to adapt to the demand of society may be a contributory factor to their condition
- it maintains that disability stems primariliy from a social and environmental failure to take in to account the needs of disabled citizens.
- the advantage is that is does not focus on idividual limitations but takes into account of peoples capabilities and protential
Who is involved in the MDT approach to disability care?
doctors, dieticians, nurses, specialist nurses, pharmacists, social workers, care and catering staff
What is the ICF?
International classification of functioning disability and health
Embodies what is now termed the biopsychosocial model
A synthesis of the medical model and social approaches to disablement
What makes up disability discrimination law?
Makes it unlawful for you to be discriminated against in
- employment
- trade union and qualification bodies
- access to goods, facilities and services
- the management, buying or renting of land or property
- education
- regulations dealing with buses, coaches and trains
What are the 9 protected characteristics under the single equality act 2010?
- marriage/civil paternership
- sex
- gender reassignment
- sexual orientation
- disability
- race
- religion and belief
- pregnancy and maternity
- age
