Health Promotion and Primary Prevention Flashcards
What are some examples of health promotion?
drink driving campaigns tobacco control screening immunisation water flouridation healthy eating campaigns self management of disease
What are the 3 levels of prevention?
Primary = preventing disease, injury Secondary = reducing impact of disease Tertiary = softening the impact of long term health effects
What is the definition of health promotion?
the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
What are the 3 approaches to health promotion?
Give examples
Medical - surgical/medical therapy,
Behavioural - health education, public health policies
Socio-environmental - community development, political action of societal change
Describe the difference between high risk approach and population approach to health promotion.
High risk approach = identify those at high risk, large benefit,
Population approach = target whole population, small changes at individual level, substantial changes at population level
Give examples of unhealthy behaviours that can be prevented and health behaviours that can be promoted.
Prevented - smoking - drugs, alcohol - diet - driving - risky leisure persuits - sedentary lifestyle Promoted - PA - fruit and veg - sun protection - screenings - immunisations - condoms - seatbelts
Describe the following behaviour change theories at the individual level:
- health belief model
- stages of change model
- theory of planned behaviour
- precaution adoption process model social
- perceptions of threat, benefits of avoiding threat
- readiness to change behaviour
- attitudes and norms
- journey from lack of awareness to action and maintenance
Describe the following behaviour change theories at the interpersonal level
- social cognitive theory
personal, environment, factors and behaviour
Describe the following behaviour change theories at the community level
- community organisation
- diffusion of innovations
- communication theories
- community driven, empowerment
- how new ideas and practices spread within society
- how different types of communication affect behaviour
What are the 8 stages of the intervention ladder?
- do nothing
- provide information
- enable choice
- guide choice through disincentives
- guide choice through incentives
- guide choices through changing the default policy
- restrict choice
- eliminate choice
What is self-help/mutual aid?
Oppurtunities where people who share common experiences/problems can support each other
- AA
- weight management
- CV rehabilitation
What is organisational change?
Creating supportive environments that better enable people to make healthy choices in a variety of settings
- school meals
- no smoking policies
- workplace exercise/shower facilites
Define legislation
Define policy
Legislation = enforced by law Policy = Plan of action to guide adherence to legislation
Define interventionists
Define libertarians
Interventionists: state should create freedom for individuals, create oppurtunities, level out inequalities
Libertarians: interventions should be minimal, individual freedom is important
Give examples of when health promotion legislation has been controversial:
- 1st PH Act, 1848
- Licensing Act, 1872
- Seatbelt wearing mandatory, 1983
- School meals
- gave local government power over water and sewage system, opposed as paternalistic , one newspaper quoted that “a little dirt and freedom more desirable than no dirt at all and slavery”
- restricted pub opening times and prohibited children from drinking spirits in a pub, better that “england should be free than compulsorily sober”
- “paternalism run rampnant”, act of a nanny state restricting freedom of choice for drivers”
- parents feeding kids through gates
