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Anatomy II > Overview of GI organs > Flashcards

Overview of GI organs Flashcards

1
Q

The digestive system includes what organs?

A

oral cavity

pharynx

esophagus

stomach

small intestine

large intestine

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2
Q

What are the accessory digestive organs?

A

salivary glands

liver

gallbladder

pancreas

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3
Q

Muscolofibrous tube which transports food bolus from oral cavity to esophagus

A

Pharynx

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4
Q

Muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach

A

esophagus

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5
Q

Associated with the esophagus as it enters the abdominal cavity are anterior and posteriror vagal trunks. Describe the innervation of the anterior and posterior vagal trunks.

A

Anterior: consists of several smaller trunks whose fibers mainly come from the left vagus nerve

Posterior: consists of one single trunk whose fibers come from right vagus nerve

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6
Q

What is the arterial supply of the esophagus?

A
  • Esophageal branches from left gastric artery (celiac trunk)
  • Esophageal branches from the left inferior phrenic artery (abdominal aorta)
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7
Q

The esophagus is guarded at both ends by muscular sphincters. Descibe the features of the upper and lower esophageal spincter:

A

Upper: helps prevent the entrance of air during respiration and is a secondary line of defense against reflux

Lower: located at esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm, helps guard against gastro-esophageal reflux (primary)

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8
Q

What are the 4 parts of the stomach?

A

Cardia/cardiac region- at the gastroesophageal junction

Fundus- dilated superolateral part

Body- Major part

Pyloric part- consists of wide pyloric antrum which leads into narrow pyloric canal

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9
Q

What is the sphincter which surrounds the distal opening of the stomach?

A

Pyloric sphincter

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10
Q

The stomach has 2 distinctive notches:

A

Cardial- lies within angle created by esophagus entering stomach

Angular incisure- bend on lesser curvature

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11
Q

List the primary function of the small intestine and the 3 parts of it:

A

Primary site for nutrient absorption

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

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12
Q

This part of the small intestine forms a C-shaped loop around the head of the pancreas

A

Duodenum

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13
Q

The duodenal cap is clinically important bc it is the most frequent location of what?

A

Peptic ulcers

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14
Q

The duodenojejunal junction is suspended from the diaphragm by the suspensory muscle of the duodenum otherwise known as

A

Ligament of Treitz

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15
Q

The dueodenojejunal junction is an important clinical landmark. Why?

A

It is the junction between upper and lower GI bleeds which have different clinical characteristics

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16
Q

The jejunum is located in the

A

LUQ

17
Q

The ileum is located in the

A

RLQ

18
Q

What are 3 distinctive features which would allow one to distinguish between the jejunum and the ileum?

A

Jejunum: few arterial arcades, long vasa recta, and mesentary with little fat

Ileum: many arterial arcades, short vasa recta, and mesentary laden with fat

19
Q

The ileum opens into the large intestine at the ileocecal junction. Here there may be a remnant of embryonic development known as an

A

Ileal (Meckel’s) Diverticulum

20
Q

The large intestine is the site for

A

water reabsorption

21
Q

The large intestine is distinguished from the small intestine by

A

Omental appendicies- small fatty projections

Teniae coli- three bands of longitudinal smooth muscle

Haustra- sacculations

22
Q

The large intestine consists of what anatomical parts?

A

Cecum and appendix

Colon

  • Ascending
  • Transverse
  • Descending
  • Sigmoid

Rectum

Anal canal

23
Q

The cecum is continuous with the ascending colon and has what suspended from it?

A

Appendix

24
Q

The ileocecal junction and the cecum are clinically important because they can be the site of bowel obstruction via what 3 unique mechanisms?

A

Intussusception- telescoping of proximal segment of intestine into a more distal part

Volvulus- twisting of the intestine on itself

Gallstone ileus- gallstone blocking the ileocecal junction

25
Q

The appendix is an intestinal diverticulum which contains lymphoid tissue and has a short mesentary in the mesoappendix. However, it is variable in position which can complicate what diagnosis? What % of cases are misdiagnosed? What is the most common orientation?

A

Appendicitis

20%

retrocecal

26
Q

Acute appendicitis requires emergency surgery as it could turn gangrenous or perforate resulting in what condition?

A

Peritonitis

27
Q

The ascending colon meets the transverse colon at what junction?

A

Right colic (hepatic) flexure

28
Q

The transverse colon meets the descending colon at what junction?

A

Left colic (splenic) flexure)

29
Q

If the sigmoid mesocolon is long the chances of what complication increase?

A

Volvulus

-90% of cases occur in the sigmoid colon

Anatomy II (5 decks)

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