Accessory GI Organs

Question 1

What are the functions of the liver?

Answer 1

Production of bile

Storage of glycogen

Detoxification

Synthesis of albumin

Synthesis of clotting factors

Question 2

The liver has two surfaces the diaphragmatic and the visceral surface. What is the name of the structure which actually separates the diaphragmatic surface from the diaphragm? What about the other recess?

Answer 2

Subphrenic reces

Hepatorenal recess- between the liver and right kidney and right suprarenal gland

Question 3

The visceral surface of the liver is covered by viscera expcept..

Answer 3

in the fossa for gall bladder, and at the porta hepatis

Question 4

On the diaphragmatic area of the liver there are 2 boundaries

Answer 4

Anterior boundary: reflection of peritoneum

-anterior coronary ligament

Posterior boundary: reflection of peritoneum

–posterior coronary ligament

Question 5

The liver is divided into right and left lobes, each of which are supplied with their own artery, vein, and bile duct. What is this known as?

Answer 5

The portal triad:

Hepatic artery

Portal vein

Hepatic duct

Question 6

What is the function of each part of the portal triad?

Answer 6

Hepatic artery: carries arterial blood to the liver

Portal vein: caries venous blood containing absorbed nutrients from the GI tract to the liver

Hepatic bile duct: enters the visceral surface of the liver at a transverse fissure, the porta hepatis

Question 7

On the visceral surface of the liver there are two lobes:

Answer 7

Quadrate lobe: anterior part of visceral surface

Caudate lobe: posterior part of visceral surface

Question 8

The liver is the primary site of detoxification of substances absorbed by the GI tract. The liver can be damaged by destruction of liver cells or their replacement by fibrous connective tissue in the case of which disease? What are the main causes of this disease?

Answer 8

Cirrhosis

Chronic alcoholism

and hep B&C

Question 9

What is the function of the gall bladder?

Answer 9

Storage and concentration of bile

Question 10

The gallbladder is closely associated with the duodenum. The gallbladd may develop gallstones which can obstruct the passage of bile causing..

Answer 10

Inflammation of the gall bladder

–> and opening/fistula may develop into the superior part of the duodenom with the gall stone obstructing the ileocecal junction

Question 11

The right and left heptic ducts unite to form what? What does this unite with? To form what?

Answer 11

Common bile duct

cystic duct

bile duct

Question 12

The bile duct continues to descend behind the first part of the duodenum and joins the pancreatic duct to enter the 2nd part at the

Answer 12

major duodenal papilla

Question 13

The pancreas is an accessory digestive gland with 2 components:

Answer 13

Exocrine component- secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum

Endocrine component- secretes hormones such as insulin

Question 14

Which part of the pancrease overlies the superior mesenteric artery and vein?

Answer 14

Neck

Question 15

The pancreas has 2 ducts: Accessory pancreatic duct & the main pancreatic duct and joins the bile duct in the

Answer 15

hepatopancreatic ampulla to drain into the descending part of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla

Question 16

The accessory pancreatic duct

Answer 16

drains part of the head of the pancreas

Question 17

The close relationship of the bile duct descending behind the head of the pancreas means that cancer of the pancreatic head may obstruct the bile duct; the retained bile causes

Answer 17

Jaundice

–>Painless jaundice is the first indication of pancreatic head cancer

Question 18

“abdominal pain is often the first symptom with weight loss, anorexia, malaise and weakness” is indicative of…

Answer 18

Metastasis to the body and tail of the pancreas

Question 19

If someone should fracture any of their ribs 9-12 what is the first organ that would be susceptible to getting injured?

Answer 19

spleen