Overview of Gene Expression- Lecture 21

Question 1

Describe the flow of genetic information

Answer 1

pre-coding gene is transcribed by RNA polymerase into pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) –> processed into mRNA –> translated by ribosomes into proteins

Question 2

Which kinds of RNA are non-coding?

Answer 2

tRNA, rRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA

Question 3

What is the structure of a nucleotide?

Answer 3

base+ribose+phosphate(s)

Question 4

Which bases are purines?

Answer 4

adenine (A) and guanine (G)

Question 5

Which bases are pyrimidines?

Answer 5

cytosine (C) and thymine (T) or uracil (U) in RNA

Question 6

What is a base plus a ribose considered?

Answer 6

a nucleoside

Question 7

What is the directionality of the phosphodiester bond?

Answer 7

nucleotides are lined from the 3’ hydroxyl to the 5’ phosphate via the phosphodiester bond

Question 8

What is the direcetionality of the sequence of a chain?

Answer 8

a chain is conventionally read from the 5’ to the 3’ end (and, thus, will be synthesized in this direction)

Question 9

At which steps in gene expression can regulation occur?

Answer 9

transcription, RNA processing, RNA transport/ localization, mRNA degradation, translation control, and protein activity control

Question 10

How many H bonds are in A-T base pairing?

Answer 10

2

Question 11

How many H bonds are in G-C base pairing?

Answer 11

3