Overview of eukaryotes Flashcards
What are 4 processes related to the creation of a multicellular organism?
Cell differentiation to create different cell types
Organization of the cells into functioning tissues
Regulation of cell production, size and number
Elimination of excess or aged cells
What are some things all eukaryotic cells do and structural features they have?
- Separate transcription and translation
- Energy usage through ATP
- Phospholipid bilayer membrane
- Post-transcriptional modifications and regulation
- Signalling pathways
- Cell division through mitosis and meiosis
- Protein transport and sorting
- Organelles
- Regulated cell death
What are the 4 basic classes of animal cells?
Neurons, muscle cells, epithelial cells, connective tissue cells (blood and bone)
What are tissues?
Organized groups of cells that work together to carry out a specific function
Do all cells in a tissue divide at the same rate?
No, some divide more than others. There has to be some degree of cell division to maintain the tissue long term
Is the spatial arrangement of a tissue important for its function?
Yes, super important
What are the 4 types of tissues in animals?
Muscle, nervous, connective, epithelial
What do muscle tissues do? What are the 3 types?
Contractile filaments and tissues. Can be skeletal (connected to bones), smooth (surrounding organs and blood vessels), or cardiac (heart)
What types of cells make up nervous tissue?
Neurons and glial cells
What do connective tissues do?
Fibrous tissue that surrounds cells in the ECM. Also makes up tendons, ligaments, blood, bone, and cartilage
What do epithelial tissues do?
Tightly packed, neatly organized cell layers that act as barriers between spaces and regulates movements between the spaces
What are organs?
2 or more tissues combined to do a certain function
