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Practical Revision > Overview of CNS Anatomy > Flashcards

Overview of CNS Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are contained within the spinal cord?

A

31

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2
Q

Where are the neuron cells bodies in the CNS located, generally? What are the 2 exceptions to this?

A

Grey matter or retina, except for the peripheral neurons in autonomic ganglia or in the ENS of the GIT

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3
Q

How are axons organised in the CNS vs. PNS?

A

CNS: white matter tracts PNS: nerves

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4
Q

At what vertebral level is the caudal tip of the spinal cord?

A

L1-2

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5
Q

Where is the spinal cord “enlarged” and what is the role of this enlargement?

A

Cervical (C5-T1) and lumbosacral (L1-S2) enlargements for upper and lower limb supply, respectively

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6
Q

Where do the dorsal and ventral nerve roots unite?

A

At each intervertebral foramen

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7
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

Extension of the lumbar and sacral nerve roots beyond the caudal tip of the spinal cord, but within the dura

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8
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges, from superficial to deep?

A

Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater

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9
Q

Where is CSF located in the brain and spinal cord? What else is located here?

A

In the subarachnoid space, along with blood vessels and nerve roots

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10
Q

Which spaces in the meninges are normally only potential spaces in life?

A

Subdural Extradural

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11
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dura?

A

Periosteal Meningeal

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12
Q

When do the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura separate?

A

To enclose the dural venous sinuses that drain blood from the many cerebral veins

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13
Q

What is the largest dural venous sinus?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

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14
Q

Label the dorsal root, dorsal root ganglion, dorsal horn, ventral root and ventral horn

A
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15
Q

Mark in the name and location of the tracts for pain and temperature, and light touch, proprioception and vibration. Also mark in the location of the lateral corticospinal tract. Which of these tracts are ascending and which are descending?

A

Ascending: spinothalamic and dorsal-column medial lemniscus (DCML) tracts

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16
Q

What is the role of the lateral corticospinal tract?

A

Controls fine movement of the limbs

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17
Q

What is the name of the fissure that lies between the 2 sides of the forebrain?

A

Longitudinal fissure

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18
Q

What forms the corpus callosum?

A

Many axons passing from right cortex to left or vice versa

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19
Q

What runs in the longitudinal fissure of the brain?

A

Falx cerebri

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20
Q

What runs in the transverse fissure of the brain?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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21
Q

What are the sulci?

A

“Valleys” in the cortex

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22
Q

What are the gyri?

A

“Ridges” in the cortex

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23
Q

What is the central sulcus?

A

Border between frontal lobe and parietal lobe

24
Q

What is the central sulcus a key landmark for?

A

Defining the precentral and postcentral gyri

25
Q

What is the role of the precentral gyrus?

A

Primary motor cortex

26
Q

What is the role of the postcentral gyrus?

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

27
Q

What separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe?

A

Lateral fissure

28
Q

How much of the cerebral cortex is concealed within fissures or sulci?

A

About half

29
Q

What is the insula?

A

A substantial region of cortex contained within the medial wall of the lateral fissure

30
Q

Where does the ventral side of the frontal lobe sit within the cranium?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

31
Q

Where are the olfactory bulbs located?

A

Originate from the orbito-frontal cortex

32
Q

What part of the brain occupies the middle cranial fossa?

A

Temporal pole

33
Q

What part of the brain occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Cerebellum and brainstem

34
Q

What is located posterior to the optic chiasm, around the midline?

A

Diencephalon

35
Q

What forms the ventral side of the diencephalon?

A

Hypothalamus

36
Q

What part of the brain gives rise to the pituitary stalk and mamillary bodies?

A

Pituitary stalk and mamillary bodies are part of the hypothalamus

37
Q

Where is the calcarine sulcus located?

A

On the medial occipital lobe

38
Q

What marks the anterior border of the occipital lobe?

A

The parieto-occipital sulcus

39
Q

Where is the cingulate sulcus?

A

Long curving cingulate sulcus can be seen extending forward into the frontal lobe in a mid-sagittal section (i.e. in the medial cortex)

40
Q

Where is the cingulate gyrus located? What is its role?

A

Below the cingulate sulcus Together with the medial temporal cortex it is often assigned to the limbic system

41
Q

Label the regions of the ventricular system

A
42
Q

What components of the CNS make up the forebrain?

A

Telencephalon (cerebrum) Diencephalon

43
Q

What components of the CNS make up the hindbrain?

A

Pons, medulla and cerebellum

44
Q

Identify the components of the telencephalon

A

Cerebral cortex: outer layer of grey matter Hippocampus: specialised area of cerebral cortex White matter: beneath the cortex Basal ganglia: group of nuclei beneath the cortex Amygdala: cluster of grey matter just anterior to the hippocampus

45
Q

Where is the hippocampus located?

A

Medial temporal lobe

46
Q

What are the major components of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus Hypothalamus

47
Q

Describe the structure of the cerebellum

A

Outer cortex of grey matter, arranged around deeper white matter and several internal nuclei

48
Q

Where are the lateral ventricles located?

A

One in each side of the telencephalon

49
Q

Which ventricle is located within the diencephalon?

A

3rd ventricle

50
Q

Where is the cerebral aqueduct located and what is its role?

A

Located in the midbrain Connects the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle

51
Q

Where is the 4th ventricle located?

A

Inside the hindbrain

52
Q

What are the exit apertures of the 4th ventricle?

A

Median aperture (of Magendie) Lateral apertures (of Luschka)

53
Q

Where does CSF exit to from the ventricles? What happens to it after its exit?

A

Subarachnoid space Then slowly resorbed into the dural venous sinuses

54
Q

What connects the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle?

A

Interventricular foramen (of Monro)

55
Q

What are the main differences between T1 and T2-weighted MRIs?

A

T1: fat bright, fluid dark T2: fat intermediate-bright, fluid bright N.B. Can also have fat-suppressed MRIs

56
Q

Describe the network of dural venous sinuses that drain blood from the cerebral veins

A

Practical Revision (7 decks)

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