Overview of Cells (Test #1) Flashcards
Plasma Membrane
the outer boundary
1 of 3 main components
Cytoplasm
contains most organelles
Nucleus
controls cellular activities
Simple Diffusion
of fat-soluble molecules directly through the phospholipid bilayer down their concentration gradient
Osmosis
diffusion of water thru lipid bilayer
Facilitated Diffusion
an integral protein that spans the plasma membrane enables the passage of a particular solute across the membrane
Active Transport
some transport proteins use ATP as an energy source to actively pump substances across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient
Endocytosis
Mechanism by which particles enter cells
Phagocytosis
“cell eating”
-cells who specialize in this (macrophages) are professional eaters, eat things like whole bacteria
Pinocytosis
“cell drinking”
-anytime you have endocytosis, you take fluid too
Exocytosis
mechanism that moves substances throughout the cell
- substance enclosed by vesicle
- vesicle migrates to plasma membrane
- proteins from vesicles bind with membrane proteins
- lipid layers from both membranes bind, and the vesicle releases its contents to the outside of the cell
Cells that Connect Body Parts or Cover Organs
Erythrocytes (blood cells), Fibroblasts, Epithelial Cells
Cells that store nutrients and fight disease
fat cell- stores nutrients
macrophage-cell that fights disease
(DevelopmentalAspect)
Free Radical Theory
- damage from byproducts of cellular metabolism
- radicals build up and damage essential molecules of cells
Mitochondrial Theory
Decrease in production of energy by mitochondria, weakens and ages our cells
