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anatomy > GLANDS, EPIDERMIS, SKIN, CANCER, BURNS (Test #1) > Flashcards

GLANDS, EPIDERMIS, SKIN, CANCER, BURNS (Test #1) Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

ductless, secrete directly into surrounding tissue fluid

-produce messenger molecules called hormones

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2
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

produce secretions carried outside of the body (or into lumen of gut)

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3
Q

Secretion

A

process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion

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4
Q

Connective Tissue

A 
most diverse and abundant tissue
main classes:
-connective tissue proper
-cartilage 
-bone tissue
-blood
CT is vascularized and innervated
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5
Q

Extracellular Matrix

A

composed of ground substance and fibers

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6
Q

Fibers

A

Function in support of CT

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7
Q

Collagen Fibers

A

Strongest, resist tension

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8
Q

Reticular Fibers

A

Bundles of special type of collagen

-cover and support lymphoid organs

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9
Q

Elastic Fibers

A

contain elastin

recoil after stretching

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10
Q

Emphysema

A

in scar tissue, elastic fibers replaced by inelastic collagen

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11
Q

Areolar Connective Tissue

A

gel-like matrix w/ all 3 fiber types
wraps and cushions organs, it’s macrophages phagocytize bacteria, plays important role in inflammation, holds and conveys tissue fluid
widely distributed under epithelia of body; ex. surrounds capillaries, packages organs

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12
Q

Elastic Connective Tissue

A

Dense regular connective tissue containing a high proportion of elastic fibers
allows recoil of tissue following stretching, flow of blood thru arteries, aids passive recoil of lungs when you breathe
Walls of large arteries, within certain ligaments associated with the vertebral column, within walls of bronchial tubes

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13
Q

Cartilage

A

Firm, flexible tissue
contains no blood vessels or nerves
matrix contains up to 80% water
cell type-chondrocyte

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14
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

firm matrix, CHONDRoblasts produce the matrix
supports and reinforces
forms most of embryonic skeleton, covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities, forms costal cartilages of the ribs, cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larnyx

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15
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

similar to hyaline cartilage, but more elastic fibers in matrix
maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility
supports the external ear

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16
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

matrix similar to but less firm than hyaline cart.; thick collagen fibers predominate
tensile strength w/ the ability to absorb compressive shock
intervertebral discs, public symphysis, discs of the knee joint

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17
Q

Skin Structure

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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18
Q

Layers of Epidermis

A

STRATUM:

basale, spinosum, granlosum, lucidum, corneum

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19
Q

4 MAIN CELL TYPES in Epidermis

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile epithelial cells, dendritic cells

20
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Most abundant cell type in epidermis
-produce keratin, antibodies, and enzymes
-dead at skins surface
Location-stratum spinosum; produce keratin a fibrous protein that resists abrasion and penetration

21
Q

Melanocytes

A

Location- basal layer; manufacture and secrete pigment

22
Q

Tactile Epithelial Cells

A

Location-basal layer; attached to sensory nerve endings

23
Q

Dendritic Cells

A

Location-stratum spinosum; part of immune system; macrophage-like (professional eaters)

24
Q

Keratin

A

Tough fibrous protein

25
Q

Dermis

A
  • 2nd major layer of skin
  • strong, flexible CT
  • richly supplied w/ blood vessels and nerves
26
Q

2 layers of dermis

A

papillary layer-includes dermal papillae

reticular layer- deeper layer, 80% thickness of dermis

27
Q

Hypodermis

A
  • deep to the skin
  • conrains aerolar and adipose CT
  • anchors skin to underlying structures
  • helps insulate the body
  • has different distribution in males and females
28
Q

3 pigments to skin color

A

Melanin
-most important-made from tyrosine
Carotene
-yellowish pigment from carrots and tomatoes
Hemoglobin
-caucasian skin contains little melanin
-allows crimson color of blood to show through

29
Q

Nails

A

scalelike modification of epidermis
made of hard keratin
parts of nail:
free edge, body, root, nail folds, eponychium (cuticle)

30
Q

Appendages of the Skin

Hair has _ concentric layers of keratinized cells

A

Medulla: central core
Cortex: surrounds medulla
Cuticle: outermost layer

31
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

bundle of smooth muscle

hair stands erect when arrector pili contracts

32
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

Occur over entire body
-cept palms and soles
secrete sebum-oily substance

33
Q

Holocrine Secretion

A

entire cell breaks up to form secretion

most associated with hair follicle

34
Q

Functions of Sebum

A

Collects dirt; softens and lubricates hair and skin

35
Q

Sweat

A

blood filtrate
99% water w/ some salts
Contains traces of metabolic wastes

36
Q

Sweat Glands

A

sudoriferous glands

37
Q

2 Types of Sweat Glands

A

Eccrine gland
-most numerous, produce true sweat
Apocrine Gland
-confined to axillary, anal, and genital areas
-produce special kinds of sweat, musky odor; attracts mate
-signal info about immune system

38
Q

Eccrine Gland

A

-most numerous, produce true sweat

39
Q

Apocrine Gland

A
  • confined to axillary, anal, and genital areas
  • produce special kinds of sweat, musky odor; attracts mate
  • signal info about immune system
40
Q

Burns are classified by?

A

severity!

41
Q

First Degree

A

only upper epidermis is damaged

42
Q

Second Degree

A

upper part of dermis is also damaged; blisters, heals w/ little scaring

43
Q

Third Degree

A

consumes thickness of skin, burned areas appear white, red, or blackened

44
Q

Skin Cancer

A

Basal, Squamous, Melanoma

45
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

least malignant and most common

46
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

arises from keratincytes of stratum spinosm

47
Q

Melanoma

A

cancer of melanocytes, the most dangerous type of cancer

anatomy (4 decks)

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