Overview of Anaemia Flashcards
commonest cause of haematologic complication is
Anaemia
Define anaemia
it is a reduction in the concentration of circulating Hb or O2 carrying capacity of blood below the value expected or considered normal for healthy persons of same age or sex living in the same geographical location or altitude
Normal Hb level in males & females
males - 13.5 - 17.5g/dl
females - 11.5 -15.5 g/dl
RBC level in males & females
males - 4.5 - 6.5 x 10^12 /l
females - 3.9 - 5.6 x 10^12 /l
PCV in males & females
normal male - 40-52%
normal female - 36-48 %
main causes of anaemia
1) iron deficiency (due to poor diet)
2) anaemia of chronic disease
3) sickle cell disease
4) thalassemia
5) malaria
clinical features of anemia
1) pallor
2) weakness/tiredness
3) fatigue
4) general malaise
5) poor concentration
6) shortness of breath
7) dyspnoea
what do the reticulocyte count & leucocyte count look like in normal anemia
they are raised
what is the normal range for MCV
79-95, 80-100
how does MCV indicate the type of anaemia
low MCV =microcytic anaemia
normal MCV = normocytic anaemia
high MCV = macrocyclic anaemia
list acquired causes to destruction of RBCs
1) mechanical destruction in microangiopathic anaemia
2) antibody mediated cause
3) chemical injuries due to toxins etc
4) physical injuries due to radiation etc
list hereditary causes of destruction of RBCs
1) haemoglobinopathies eg SCD
2) membranopathies eg hereditary ferrocytosis
3) wnzymopathies eg G-6-PD
list acquired causes of reduction in RBC production
1) autoimmune induced eg aplastic anemia
2) myelodysplastic syndrome
3) infilterative myelopathy
4) chemotherapy
5) megaloblastic anaemia due to Vitb12 deficiency
6) anemia of chronic disease
list hereditary causes of reduction in RBC production
1) stem cell failure eg in Fanconi syndrome
2) Diamond black-fan anaemia
3) congenital dyserythropoietic syndrome
4) congenital intrinsic factor deficiency
