Overview grapes and geography Flashcards by ps Hill

What wines/ regions are covered by the D4 syllabus?

France:
Champagne
Crémant d'Alsace
Crémant de Bourgogne
Loire Valley

Spain - Cava

Italy:
Prosecco
Asti
Lambrusco
Franciacorta
Trentodoc

Germany
England and Wales
USA
Chile
Argentine
South Africa
Australia
New Zealand

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What are the main sub-regions of Champagne, their soil types, main Grand Cru villages, and predominant grapes?

Montagne de Reims:
Mainly black grapes, some Chardonnay. Chalky soil at the 9 Grand Cru village locations (incl. Bouzy, Verzy both pinot)
Vallée de la Marne
Mainly Meunier on marl, clay and sandy soil, grand Cru: 2 villages (incl. Aÿ)
Côte des Blancs
Pure chalk, mainly white grapes, 6 Grand Cru villages (incl. Cramant, Les Mesnil - sur - Oger)
Côte de Sèzanne
Mainly Chardonnay, on clay/silt soil
Côte des Bar
about 25% of the vineyards, mainly Pinot Noir on Kimmeridgian calcareous marl

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What grapes are used in Champagne?

Pinot Noir
Meunier
Chardonnay

Pinot Blanc
Arbanne
Petit Meslier
Fromenteau

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What are the top two historical levels of hierarchy in Champagne?

Grand Cru (17 villages)
Premier Cru (42 villages)

The village name can be added if 100% of the grapes are from that village

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What Crémant appellations are covered by the syllabus?

Alsace
Bourgogne
Loire

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What grape varieties are used in Crémant d’Alsace?

20% of plantings:
Pinot Blanc/ Auxerrois (tiny)

Riesling
Pinot Gris
Pinot Noir

Chardonnay (tiny, only in Crémant d’Alsace)

Emotion wines have to be 75% Chardonnay/ P. Blanc / P. Noir

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What main areas produce grapes in Burgundy for crémant?

Chablis (around)
Côte d'Or (flat vineyards)
Hautes Côtes de Beaune
Hautes Côtes de Nuit
Mâconnais (Chardonnay)
Beaujolais

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What are the main grape varieties permitted for sparkling wines in Burgundy?

Min 30% content in Crémant de Bourgogne Blanc:
Pinot Noir
Chardonnay
Pinot Gris (tiny)
Pinot Blanc (tiny)

Gamay (20% max content)

Aligoté
Melon

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What two top tiers of sparkling wine in Bourgogne?

Grand Eminent (only Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, with Gamay for Rose, 36 months lees ageing)

Eminent (24 months lees ageing)

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What appellations of the Loire are covered by the syllabus?

Crémant de Loire
Vouvray
Saumur

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What grape varieties can be used for Crémant de Loire?

All the main varieties of Loire, excluding Sauvignon Blanc

Chenin Blanc (majority!)
Cabernet Franc
Cabernet Sauvignon
Pineau d'Aunis (this and Cab Sav limited to 30%)
Grolleau Noir and Gris
Pinot Noir
Chardonnay

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What are the main areas of production for Cava?

Cataluña:

Penedès (95% of plantings)
Lleida
Tarragona

Rioja

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What grape varieties are used for Cava?

Macabeo (hard ‘c’, about 30% plantings)
Xarel-lo (about 25% plantings)
Paralleda (20%)
Chardonnay (9%)

Black varieties for Rosada:
Garnacha Tinta
Trepat
Pinot Noir (also used for Blanc de Noir)

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What three levels of cava quality are there?

Cava Gran Reserva (30 months lees)
Cava Reserva (15 months lees)
Cava (9 months lees)

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What PDOs are there in Prosecco?

Prosecco DOC
Conegliano Valdobbiandene -Prosecco DOCG
Asolo Prosecco DOCG

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What grape varieties are used in Prosecco?

Glera

What grape varieties are used in Asti?

Moscato Bianco (Muscat Blanc à Petit Grains)

What PDO regions are there in Asti?

Asti DOCG (Asti Spumante) - fully sparkling, higher alcohol

Moscato d’Asti DOCG - lower alcohol, higher residual sugar, semi-sparkling

What grapes are used in Lambrusco?

Lambrusco Salamino

Lambrusco Grasparossa

Lambrusco di Sorbara

What are the principle areas in Lambrusco?

Lambrusco Salamino Di Santa Croce DOC
Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro DOC
Lambrusco di Sorbara DOC
Reggiano DOC
Modena DOC

IGT Emilia covers the rest

What grape varieties are used in Franciacorta?

Chardonnay (75% plantings)
Pinot Noir
Pinot Blanc

What grape varieties are used in Trentodoc?

Chardonnay

Pinot Noir
Pinot Blanc
Meunier

What recognised types of sparkling wine are there in Germany?

Sekt
Deutscher Sekt
Deutscher Sekt bA
Winzersekt

Perlwein (Secco)

Also:
Flashengärung - bottle fermented, but potentially disgorged by transfer method
Klassische Flashengärung - transfer not allowed, 2nd fermentation in the bottle

What are the main grapes used in the production of German sparkling wine?

Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Riesling

Pinot Blanc
Pinot Gris
Silvaner

What grapes are used in English and Welsh sparkling wines?

Predominantly Chardonnay Pinot Noir Meunier PDO English limited to these three additional: Pinot Noir Précoce Pinot Blanc Pinot Gris

What are the principle areas of sparkling wine production in the US?

California - Anderson Valley (Mendocino County) - Russian river valley (Sonoma County) - Carneros (Sonoma, and; Napa County) - Napa Valley (Napa County) - Lodi (San Joaquin County) - Monterey (Monterey County) - Edna Valley (San Luis Obispo County) - Santa Maria Valley (Santa Barbara County) Washington State Oregon

What main grape varieties are used in Chilean sparkling wines?

Chardonnay Pinot Noir Sauvignon Blanc

What are the main premium sparkling wine producing areas of Chile?

``` Limari Casablanca San Antonio Curicó Bio Bio ```

What are the main sparkling wine producing regions of Argentina?

San Juan Mendoza Neuquén Rio Negro

What are the main grape varieties used in Argentinian sparkling wines?

``` Pedro Giménez Chardonnay Chenin Blanc Pinot Noir Ugni Blanc Semillion ```

By what name is traditional method sparkling wine known in South Africa, and what grapes is it made from?

Cap Classique Chardonnay Pinot Noir Chenin Blanc Pinotage

What are the main grape varieties used to make Australian sparkling wines?

Traditional method: Chardonnay Pinot Noir Meunier Tank: Glera/Prosecco Moscato Shiraz

What are the main grape varieties used in New Zealand?

Traditional method: Pinot Noir Chardonnay

What is the top level Crémant d'Alsace called?

Crémant d'Alsace Emotion (min. 24 months on lees)

What are the typical winemaking decisions for Crémant de Loire?

- Pneumatic press to limit phenolics - Stainless steel - MLF optional - reserve blending for premium mainly - lees up to 2 years - limited oak

Key points for Crémant de Loire business?

80% of production is from 9 large houses

What are the characteristics of Vouvray and Saumur?

Tuff caves for maturation 60% of wine is sparkling Chenin blanc is dominant (up to 100% in Vouvray with only Orbois allowed, min 60% in Saumur whites) Saumur rose is 60% Cabernet Franc Crop yields are 20% higher than still wines Common to use specialists for production (e.g. Berger Elaborateur)