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WSET Diploma D4 (DRAFT) > Overview grapes and geography > Flashcards

Overview grapes and geography Flashcards

1
Q

What wines/ regions are covered by the D4 syllabus?

A 
France:
Champagne
Crémant d'Alsace
Crémant de Bourgogne
Loire Valley

Spain - Cava

Italy:
Prosecco
Asti
Lambrusco
Franciacorta
Trentodoc

Germany
England and Wales
USA
Chile
Argentine
South Africa
Australia
New Zealand
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2
Q

What are the main sub-regions of Champagne, their soil types, main Grand Cru villages, and predominant grapes?

A
  1. Montagne de Reims:
    Mainly black grapes, some Chardonnay. Chalky soil at the 9 Grand Cru village locations (incl. Bouzy, Verzy both pinot)
  2. Vallée de la Marne
    Mainly Meunier on marl, clay and sandy soil, grand Cru: 2 villages (incl. Aÿ)
  3. Côte des Blancs
    Pure chalk, mainly white grapes, 6 Grand Cru villages (incl. Cramant, Les Mesnil - sur - Oger)
  4. Côte de Sèzanne
    Mainly Chardonnay, on clay/silt soil
  5. Côte des Bar
    about 25% of the vineyards, mainly Pinot Noir on Kimmeridgian calcareous marl
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3
Q

What grapes are used in Champagne?

A

Pinot Noir
Meunier
Chardonnay

Pinot Blanc
Arbanne
Petit Meslier
Fromenteau

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4
Q

What are the top two historical levels of hierarchy in Champagne?

A 
Grand Cru (17 villages)
Premier Cru (42 villages)

The village name can be added if 100% of the grapes are from that village

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5
Q

What Crémant appellations are covered by the syllabus?

A

Alsace
Bourgogne
Loire

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6
Q

What grape varieties are used in Crémant d’Alsace?

A

20% of plantings:
Pinot Blanc/ Auxerrois (tiny)

Riesling
Pinot Gris
Pinot Noir

Chardonnay (tiny, only in Crémant d’Alsace)

Emotion wines have to be 75% Chardonnay/ P. Blanc / P. Noir

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7
Q

What main areas produce grapes in Burgundy for crémant?

A 
Chablis (around)
Côte d'Or (flat vineyards)
Hautes Côtes de Beaune
Hautes Côtes de Nuit
Mâconnais (Chardonnay)
Beaujolais
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8
Q

What are the main grape varieties permitted for sparkling wines in Burgundy?

A 
Min 30% content in Crémant de Bourgogne Blanc:
Pinot Noir
Chardonnay
Pinot Gris (tiny)
Pinot Blanc (tiny)

Gamay (20% max content)

Aligoté
Melon

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9
Q

What two top tiers of sparkling wine in Bourgogne?

A

Grand Eminent (only Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, with Gamay for Rose, 36 months lees ageing)

Eminent (24 months lees ageing)

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10
Q

What appellations of the Loire are covered by the syllabus?

A

Crémant de Loire
Vouvray
Saumur

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11
Q

What grape varieties can be used for Crémant de Loire?

A

All the main varieties of Loire, excluding Sauvignon Blanc

Chenin Blanc (majority!)
Cabernet Franc
Cabernet Sauvignon
Pineau d'Aunis (this and Cab Sav limited to 30%)
Grolleau Noir and Gris
Pinot Noir
Chardonnay
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12
Q

What are the main areas of production for Cava?

A

Cataluña:

  • Penedès (95% of plantings)
  • Lleida
  • Tarragona

Rioja

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13
Q

What grape varieties are used for Cava?

A

Macabeo (hard ‘c’, about 30% plantings)
Xarel-lo (about 25% plantings)
Paralleda (20%)
Chardonnay (9%)

Black varieties for Rosada:
Garnacha Tinta
Trepat
Pinot Noir (also used for Blanc de Noir)
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14
Q

What three levels of cava quality are there?

A

Cava Gran Reserva (30 months lees)
Cava Reserva (15 months lees)
Cava (9 months lees)

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15
Q

What PDOs are there in Prosecco?

A

Prosecco DOC
Conegliano Valdobbiandene -Prosecco DOCG
Asolo Prosecco DOCG

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16
Q

What grape varieties are used in Prosecco?

17
Q

What grape varieties are used in Asti?

A

Moscato Bianco (Muscat Blanc à Petit Grains)

18
Q

What PDO regions are there in Asti?

A

Asti DOCG (Asti Spumante) - fully sparkling, higher alcohol

Moscato d’Asti DOCG - lower alcohol, higher residual sugar, semi-sparkling

19
Q

What grapes are used in Lambrusco?

A

Lambrusco Salamino

Lambrusco Grasparossa

Lambrusco di Sorbara

20
Q

What are the principle areas in Lambrusco?

A
  1. Lambrusco Salamino Di Santa Croce DOC
  2. Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro DOC
  3. Lambrusco di Sorbara DOC
  4. Reggiano DOC
  5. Modena DOC

IGT Emilia covers the rest

21
Q

What grape varieties are used in Franciacorta?

A

Chardonnay (75% plantings)
Pinot Noir
Pinot Blanc

22
Q

What grape varieties are used in Trentodoc?

A

Chardonnay

Pinot Noir
Pinot Blanc
Meunier

23
Q

What recognised types of sparkling wine are there in Germany?

A

Sekt
Deutscher Sekt
Deutscher Sekt bA
Winzersekt

Perlwein (Secco)

Also:
Flashengärung - bottle fermented, but potentially disgorged by transfer method
Klassische Flashengärung - transfer not allowed, 2nd fermentation in the bottle

24
Q

What are the main grapes used in the production of German sparkling wine?

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Riesling

Pinot Blanc
Pinot Gris
Silvaner

25
Q

What grapes are used in English and Welsh sparkling wines?

A

Predominantly
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Meunier

PDO English limited to these three additional:
Pinot Noir Précoce
Pinot Blanc
Pinot Gris

26
Q

What are the principle areas of sparkling wine production in the US?

A

California

  • Anderson Valley (Mendocino County)
  • Russian river valley (Sonoma County)
  • Carneros (Sonoma, and; Napa County)
  • Napa Valley (Napa County)
  • Lodi (San Joaquin County)
  • Monterey (Monterey County)
  • Edna Valley (San Luis Obispo County)
  • Santa Maria Valley (Santa Barbara County)

Washington State

Oregon

27
Q

What main grape varieties are used in Chilean sparkling wines?

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Sauvignon Blanc

28
Q

What are the main premium sparkling wine producing areas of Chile?

A 
Limari
Casablanca
San Antonio
Curicó
Bio Bio
29
Q

What are the main sparkling wine producing regions of Argentina?

A

San Juan

Mendoza

Neuquén
Rio Negro

30
Q

What are the main grape varieties used in Argentinian sparkling wines?

A 
Pedro Giménez
Chardonnay
Chenin Blanc
Pinot Noir
Ugni Blanc
Semillion
31
Q

By what name is traditional method sparkling wine known in South Africa, and what grapes is it made from?

A

Cap Classique

Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Chenin Blanc
Pinotage

32
Q

What are the main grape varieties used to make Australian sparkling wines?

A

Traditional method:
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Meunier

Tank:
Glera/Prosecco

Moscato
Shiraz

33
Q

What are the main grape varieties used in New Zealand?

A

Traditional method:
Pinot Noir
Chardonnay

34
Q

What is the top level Crémant d’Alsace called?

A

Crémant d’Alsace Emotion (min. 24 months on lees)

35
Q

What are the typical winemaking decisions for Crémant de Loire?

A
  • Pneumatic press to limit phenolics
  • Stainless steel
  • MLF optional
  • reserve blending for premium mainly
  • lees up to 2 years
  • limited oak
36
Q

Key points for Crémant de Loire business?

A

80% of production is from 9 large houses

37
Q

What are the characteristics of Vouvray and Saumur?

A

Tuff caves for maturation

60% of wine is sparkling

Chenin blanc is dominant (up to 100% in Vouvray with only Orbois allowed, min 60% in Saumur whites)

Saumur rose is 60% Cabernet Franc

Crop yields are 20% higher than still wines

Common to use specialists for production (e.g. Berger Elaborateur)

WSET Diploma D4 (DRAFT) (7 decks)

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