All other countries!

Question 1

list typical Sekt requirements

Answer 1

• european grapes
• tank method
• sold min. 6 months after fermentation started
• 90 days on lees (30 if stirred)
• all NV
• 90% of sekt is this lowest category
• typically crushed at source and must is transported

Question 2

List Deutscher Sekt requirements

Answer 2

• German grown fruit
• tank or traditional
• can be vintage
• min. 85% of a variety to write it on the bottle
• cannot state region

Question 3

List Deutsche Sekt bA requirements

Answer 3

bA = bestimmter Anbaugebiete (of a defined region)

13 regions

tank or traditional

Question 4

List requirements for Winzersekt

Answer 4

winzer = winegrower

traditional method

9 months on lees

Question 5

List requirements for perlwein

Answer 5

carbonated

cheap…

< 3 atms

Question 6

Set out typical winemaking steps for tank fermented sekt

Answer 6

low temperature ferment

3-6 months on lees

no carbonation allowed

alcohol of >10%

CO2 >3.5 atms

Question 7

Set out typical winemaking steps for traditional method sekt

Answer 7

Used for Reisling

Reisling autolytic character is optional, as it is smokey not creamy

Question 8

List key business facts for sekt

Answer 8

Dominated by a few producers with multiple brands - e.g. rotcäppchen

90% consumed in Germany

Question 9

List 10 growing considerations for England and Wales

Answer 9

long daylight hours, cool climate

85% of vines are in the south

average temperature is 13°C

rain is the biggest threat - can wipe out fruit set, or cause fungal disease

south facing slopes to maximise sun

good draining essential

Ideally wind protection from south west

Chalk is common, but normally exposed/high. Clay more widespread, with more fruit

Medium density for competition to limit vigour

VSP to ventilate grapes

Thin canopies to help spraying

Question 10

list winemaking considerations for England and Wales

Answer 10

MLF can reduce very high acid

Question 11

What are the main areas for sparkling Californian wine?

Answer 11

Anderson Valley - Roederer Estate:

• Big diurnal range
• ocean breeze

Russian river valley:
- home to Korbel

Carneros

Question 12

What are the main Californian styles?

Answer 12

traditional method Chardonnay/ Pinot Noir styles. Blending base wines for complexity/balance

tank methods, including residual sugar to offset under-ripe flavours, or added fruit flavours

Question 13

What are the main winemaking choices for US sparkling

Answer 13

extended lees is coming (3 years)

Blancs de Noirs is common (may have 10% white grapes)

Custom crush facilities are used by small producers

Question 14

List US sparkling wine legal and business considerations

Answer 14

Champagne is allowed as a term (grandfathered in 2006)

Some big name Champagne and cava producers have production there

Question 15

List typical sparkling wine considerations in Chile

Answer 15

tank method most common, for fruity styles

limited traditional method

Grapes are grown in coastal regions with cooling breezes

harvest Feb mainly to retain acidity

Some muscatel

A few companies dominate the market - Valdivieso

Question 16

List typical sparkling wine considerations in Argentina

Answer 16

mainly tank method, but carbonation and traditional also used

mainly Mendoza

mainly Pedro Giménez tank (also Chenin Blanc and Semillon)

Strawberry flavours added often

Hail and spring frost hazards

Premium wines are likely to have 12 months on lees and traditional method

Mostly bought locally

Question 17

List typical sparkling wine considerations in South Africa

Answer 17

best wine is from 2 narrow limestone Breede river valleys, with cooling breeze and less sun

Leave foliage for shade

Pick early, and may still need acidification

Cheap labour

Cheap carbonated wine is common

Question 18

What are the requirements for Cap Classique and the current market?

Answer 18

fermented in the same bottle

> =3 bar

min. 12 months on lees new law

Dominated by 7 companies - fast growing

Question 19

Where are premium quality Aussie sparkling wines made?

Answer 19

Tasmania:
Tamar Valley/ Piper’s River up north
Coal River down south

Yarra Valley

Adelaide Hills

Any alpine regions

Question 20

Where are cheap Aussie sparkling wines made?

Answer 20

Wider South Eastern Australia area, typically irrigated, high yield, early picking

Shiraz is Barossa/ McLaren Vale

Question 21

How is Australian premium sparkling wine typically made?

Answer 21

Australian producers typically look to Champagne, but are not constrained by the same rules.

Long lees time, and late disgorged wines, are available

Tasmanian wine is typically pressed, and potentially first ferment on the island and shipped to mainland for bottling and tirage

MLF, Autolytic flavours - both down to producer

Question 22

How are cheap Aussie sparkling wines made?

Answer 22

transfer, tank and carbonation

e.g. Jacob’s creek

Question 23

How is sparkling shiraz usually made?

Answer 23

Made like a normal red, with MLF

oak optional

Can be made by all methods, depending on price point

Question 24

How is Australian Moscato, or Grela/Prosecco typically made?

Answer 24

Grapes are sourced from multiple regions

Moscato - Typically made by carbonation, some by tank

Prosecco - typically tank, some carbonation

Question 25

How is sparkling wine typically made in New Zealand?

Answer 25

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

Still wines have been so successful, sparkling is limited

Carbonation through to traditional are the most common, depending on quality

MLF is typically used

some use of reserve wines, and extended lees ageing

Dosage from 0-12 g/l