All other countries! Flashcards
list typical Sekt requirements
- european grapes
- tank method
- sold min. 6 months after fermentation started
- 90 days on lees (30 if stirred)
- all NV
- 90% of sekt is this lowest category
- typically crushed at source and must is transported
List Deutscher Sekt requirements
- German grown fruit
- tank or traditional
- can be vintage
- min. 85% of a variety to write it on the bottle
- cannot state region
List Deutsche Sekt bA requirements
bA = bestimmter Anbaugebiete (of a defined region)
13 regions
tank or traditional
List requirements for Winzersekt
winzer = winegrower
traditional method
9 months on lees
List requirements for perlwein
carbonated
cheap…
< 3 atms
Set out typical winemaking steps for tank fermented sekt
low temperature ferment
3-6 months on lees
no carbonation allowed
alcohol of >10%
CO2 >3.5 atms
Set out typical winemaking steps for traditional method sekt
Used for Reisling
Reisling autolytic character is optional, as it is smokey not creamy
List key business facts for sekt
Dominated by a few producers with multiple brands - e.g. rotcäppchen
90% consumed in Germany
List 10 growing considerations for England and Wales
long daylight hours, cool climate
85% of vines are in the south
average temperature is 13°C
rain is the biggest threat - can wipe out fruit set, or cause fungal disease
south facing slopes to maximise sun
good draining essential
Ideally wind protection from south west
Chalk is common, but normally exposed/high. Clay more widespread, with more fruit
Medium density for competition to limit vigour
VSP to ventilate grapes
Thin canopies to help spraying
list winemaking considerations for England and Wales
MLF can reduce very high acid
What are the main areas for sparkling Californian wine?
Anderson Valley - Roederer Estate:
- Big diurnal range
- ocean breeze
Russian river valley:
- home to Korbel
Carneros
What are the main Californian styles?
traditional method Chardonnay/ Pinot Noir styles. Blending base wines for complexity/balance
tank methods, including residual sugar to offset under-ripe flavours, or added fruit flavours
What are the main winemaking choices for US sparkling
extended lees is coming (3 years)
Blancs de Noirs is common (may have 10% white grapes)
Custom crush facilities are used by small producers
List US sparkling wine legal and business considerations
Champagne is allowed as a term (grandfathered in 2006)
Some big name Champagne and cava producers have production there
List typical sparkling wine considerations in Chile
tank method most common, for fruity styles
limited traditional method
Grapes are grown in coastal regions with cooling breezes
harvest Feb mainly to retain acidity
Some muscatel
A few companies dominate the market - Valdivieso
List typical sparkling wine considerations in Argentina
mainly tank method, but carbonation and traditional also used
mainly Mendoza
mainly Pedro Giménez tank (also Chenin Blanc and Semillon)
Strawberry flavours added often
Hail and spring frost hazards
Premium wines are likely to have 12 months on lees and traditional method
Mostly bought locally
List typical sparkling wine considerations in South Africa
best wine is from 2 narrow limestone Breede river valleys, with cooling breeze and less sun
Leave foliage for shade
Pick early, and may still need acidification
Cheap labour
Cheap carbonated wine is common
What are the requirements for Cap Classique and the current market?
fermented in the same bottle
> =3 bar
min. 12 months on lees new law
Dominated by 7 companies - fast growing
Where are premium quality Aussie sparkling wines made?
Tasmania:
Tamar Valley/ Piper’s River up north
Coal River down south
Yarra Valley
Adelaide Hills
Any alpine regions
Where are cheap Aussie sparkling wines made?
Wider South Eastern Australia area, typically irrigated, high yield, early picking
Shiraz is Barossa/ McLaren Vale
How is Australian premium sparkling wine typically made?
Australian producers typically look to Champagne, but are not constrained by the same rules.
Long lees time, and late disgorged wines, are available
Tasmanian wine is typically pressed, and potentially first ferment on the island and shipped to mainland for bottling and tirage
MLF, Autolytic flavours - both down to producer
How are cheap Aussie sparkling wines made?
transfer, tank and carbonation
e.g. Jacob’s creek
How is sparkling shiraz usually made?
Made like a normal red, with MLF
oak optional
Can be made by all methods, depending on price point
How is Australian Moscato, or Grela/Prosecco typically made?
Grapes are sourced from multiple regions
Moscato - Typically made by carbonation, some by tank
Prosecco - typically tank, some carbonation
How is sparkling wine typically made in New Zealand?
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
Still wines have been so successful, sparkling is limited
Carbonation through to traditional are the most common, depending on quality
MLF is typically used
some use of reserve wines, and extended lees ageing
Dosage from 0-12 g/l