Grapes in detail Flashcards
List the key flavour attributes of Chardonnay when picked for sparkling wine
Chardonnay: apple citrus complimentary to autolysis high acid low potential alcohol
List the key growing attributes of Chardonnay
Chardonnay:
- early budding - vulnerable to spring frost
- prone to coulure and millerandage
- susceptible to powery mildew, grapevine yellows and botrytis
high yield in good years without loss of quality
List the key growing attributes of Pinot Noir
Pinot Noir:
- early budding - vulnerable to spring frost
- early ripening - easier to grow in cooler climates for sparkling
- Disease prone: susceptible to downy mildew (especially); powdery mildew, botrytis, bunch rot, fan leaf, leaf roll
List the key flavour attributes of Pinot Noir
Pinot Noir:
gives body to a blend
red fruits flavour, esp in Crémant
Only grape permitted for Crémant d’Alsace Rosé
List key attributes of growing Meunier
Meunier:
- Black mutation of Pinot Noir
- white hairs on leaves gives it a floury appearance (meunier = miller)
- early budding (but later than Chardonnay and Pinot Noir), so grown in cooler Vallée de la Marne
- grows on heavier clay soils
- sensitive to botrytis
List key flavour attributes of Meunier
Meunier:
- fruity
- softness to Champagne blend, good for NV, with shorter ageing. Often drunk on release
- is used for ageing by Krug
List attributes of Pinot Blanc
Pinot Blanc:
early budding - spring frost
prone to fungal disease
contributes pear and apple aromas
high acidity in Crémant
List the attributes of Macabeo
Macabeo:
late budding
high yield
susceptible to botrytis bunch rot and bacterial blight
light intensity apple and lemon
List the attributes of Xarel-lo
Xarel-lo:
mid-budding
susceptible to powdery and downy mildew
Greengage, gooseberry, and
herbal (fennel) notes
List the attributes of Parellada
Parellada:
- lowest yield, latest ripening
- plant at altitude, to get ripeness without too high alcohol
- Adds ‘finess’ and floral notes
List the attributes of Garnacha Tinta
Garnacha Tinta:
- tendency to oxidise
- ripe red fruit
- spicy notes
List the attributes of Trepat
Trepat:
- local to Conca del Barberà
- Strawberry flavours
- Rosada only
List the attributes of Glera
Glera:
- semi-aromatic
- very high yields
Susceptible to powdery and downy mildew, drought, grapevine yellows
has to be trained long to get fruit, with 8-12 buds (first 2 don’t give much fruit)
low to medium density planting due to vigour
List the attributes of Muscat Blanc à Petit Grain
Muscat Blanc à Petit Grains:
- Aromatic
- early budding
- mid-ripening
- small berries
- thick skin
- attractive to flying insects due to scent (they eat it)
prone to powdery mildew, botrytis bunch rot
List the attributes of Lambrusco Salamino
Lambrusco Salamino:
- fragrant, deep coloured, full bodies wines
- mostly blended with other Lambrusco varieties
List the attributes of Lambrusco Grasparossa
Lambrusco Grasparossa:
- grows best on clay/silt
- only variety grown on hillsides
- deep coloured/ full bodies wines
List the attributes of Lambrusco di Sorbara
Lambrusco di Sorbara:
- pale, light bodies wines
- high acidity
List the attributes of Reisling in sparkling
Reisling:
floral, apple, lemon primary notes
18 months on lees can develop smokey notes (rather than biscuit/brioche)
What sparkling grape varieties are early budding?
Early budding: Chardonnay Pinot Noir Meunier (albeit later than Chardonnay and Pinot Noir) Pinot Blanc Muscat Blancs a petit grains
What sparkling grape varieties are aromatic or semi-aromatic and where are they made into wine?
Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (Muscat Bianco, Muscato) (Asti)
Glera (semi, Prosecco, Australia)
Sauvignon Blanc (Chile)
What sparkling varieties are late budding?
Late budding:
Macabeo
What sparkling varieties are early ripening?
Early ripening:
Pinot Noir
Pinot Blanc
What sparkling varieties are late ripening?
Late ripening:
Parellada
What sparkling varieties are susceptible to botrytis or rot?
Botrytis: Chardonnay Pinot Noir Pinot Meunier Pinot Blanc Macabeo Moscato Bianco
What sparkling varieties are susceptible to coulure?
Coulure:
pinot Noir
Chardonnay
Set out common diseases for the most common Champagne grape varieties
All here are prone to botrytis
1 - Meunier: Botrytis
3 - Chardonnay: Botrytis, Powdery mildew, grapevine yellows
6 - Pinot Noir: Botrytis; Powdery mildew; Downy mildew (esp.) bunch rot; fan leaf, leaf roll
1 - Pinot Blanc: Botrytis
When do the common Champagne varieties bud?
All early, with Meunier slightly later than Chardonnay or Pinot Noir
Set out the favour profiles for common Champagne grape varieties
Apple/Pear - Chardonnay /Pinot Blanc
Body, red fruits - Pinot Noir
Fruity, soft - Meunier
Set out the flavour attributes that common grapes bring to Cava blends
Macabeo - light intensity apple and lemon
Xarel-lo - greengage, herbal (fennel)
Parellada - floral, finess
Garnacha Tinta - red fruit, spicy notes
Trepat - strawberry
Set out the common diseases with Cava grapes
Macabeo - botrytis, bunch rot
Xarel-lo - powdery and downy mildew
Set out the main growing considerations of Cava grapes
Macabeo - highest yield
Parellada - lowest yield. Grown at altitude as it ripens later and need to avoid sugar accumulation
List the flavour attributes of common Lambrusco grape varieties
Salamino - deep coloured, fragrant, full bodies wines
Grasparossa - deep coloured, full bodied wines
Sorbara - pale, light bodied, high acid wines
Which grapes are known for developing a toasty/smoky aroma with autolysis (as opposed to creamy or pastry)
Reisling - needs 18 months or so on lees
Xarel-lo
