Overview From Dan

Question 1

What are the two attachments of the dura in the spinal canal?

Answer 1

1) foramen magnum

2) coccyx at filum terminale

Question 2

What are the 5 tension points in the neuromeningeal system?

Answer 2

C6, T6, L4, posterior knee, anterior elbow

Question 3

What is the most definite clinical sign of a disc prolapse ?

Answer 3

Positive crossed SLR (leg opposite to symptoms)

Question 4

What is Double Crush phenomenon?

Answer 4

A proximal lesion from a mechanical or vascular injury results in a distal lesion to become symptomatic.
Proximal lesion interrupts axiomatic flow, which increases the susceptibility of distal nerve cause a minor distal lesion to be symptomatic

Question 5

What are two key features of collagen?

Answer 5

• High tensile strength

- little elastic recoil (but flexible)

Question 6

What are two key features of elastin?

Answer 6

• high elastic recoil

- can withstand high amounts of force and still recoil

Question 7

How do ligaments heal when damaged?

Answer 7

Fibrous scar formation (98% strength)

Question 8

How to tell its a grade to ligament tear?

Answer 8

Subjective: pain on stress test + pain on active movement

Objective:
- laxity, softer end feel, bruising, swelling, hemarthrosis/ effusion

Question 9

Differentiate between compact and spongy bone.

Answer 9

Compact:
- dense texture of concentric rings , provides strength
Spongy:
- supports bone marrow and give additional strength + facilitates added to or withdrawing from calcium phosphate reservoir

Question 10

What does Wolffs law state?

Answer 10

Bone is laid down in response to mechanical stress imparted on it. Removal of load will elicit bone resorption.

Question 11

What are the functions of bone?

Answer 11

• support soft tissue
• protect viscera
• provide lever for movement
• produce blood cells
• storage for mineral salts, calcium, phosphate