Overview: Elements of the Immune System Flashcards
Where does hematopoiesis occur in adults vs fetal development?
Adult: bone marrow
Fetus: liver and spleen
In what phase of the cell cycle are unactivated T-cells locked?
G1
What are the proportions of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes in the body?
- Neutrophils: 40-75%
- Eosinophils: 1-6%
- Basophils: <1%
- Monocytes: 2-10%
- Lymphocytes: 20-50%
Large reserves of neutrophils are stored in the _____ and are released when needed to fight infection
Bone marrow
What happens to neutrophils after they go to the site of infection?
- Phagocytize bacteria
- Neutrophils die in the tissue
- Phagocytized by macrophages
On encountering their specific antigen, B cells and T cells differentiate into _____?
Effector cells
What are some examples of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)?
- Tonsils
- Adenoids
- Appendix
- Peyer’s patches
_____ are less organized aggregates of secondary lymphoid tissue that line the respiratory epithelium and other mucosal surfaces?
Bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)
Which white blood cells are directly derived from the common lymphoid precursor?
- B-cells
- NK/T Precursor
Which white blood cells are directly derived from the common myeloid precursor?
- Granulocyte-macrophage progenitor
- Megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitor
Which white blood cells are directly derived from granulocyte-macrophage progenitors?
- Macrophage and dendritic precursor
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Unknown precursor that leads to mast cells
Which white blood cells are directly derived from the megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitor?
- Megakaryocytes
- Erythroblast
What are the two types of small lymphocytes?
- B cells
- Cytotoxic and Helper T cells
_____ cells are the fully differentiated form of B cells that secrete antibodies
Plasma cells
_____ cells kill cells infected with certain viruses
Natural killer cells
What is the function of neutrophils?
Phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms
Which white blood cells are responsible for controlling immune responses to parasites?
Basophils
_____ are white blood cells responsible for killing antibody-coated parasites through release of granule contents
Eosinophils
Which white blood cells are responsible for activation of T cells and initiation of adaptive immune responses?
Dendritic cells
Which white blood cells are responsible for the expulsion of parasites from the body through release of granules containing histamine and other active agents?
Mast cells
_____ cells are the circulating precursors to macrophages
Monocytes
What are the functions of macrophages?
- Phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms
- Activation of T cells
- Initiation of immune responses
Which white blood cells are responsible for platelet formation and wound repair?
Megakaryocyte
