Overview & Anatomy Flashcards
Left side is ____ pressure and feeds ____ circulation
High pressure, feeds systemic circulation
Right side is ____ pressure and feeds ____ circulation
Lower pressure, pulmonary circulation
Function o the CV system is to _______
- Maintain homeostasis!
- Distribute dissolved gases & nutrients
- Waste removal
- Constant temperature
- Constant pH
- Constant isomolarity
Describe series vs parallel arrangement
Series = no direct connection between L & R heart, arranged in series
Parallel = Multiple pathways from heart to vasc bed
What is the importance of parallel arrangement?
- Oxygenated blood visits one organ system before returning to heart
- Changes in flow or demand in one organ does not directly affect other organs
- Blood flow to different organs can be matched to demand
MAJOR EXCEPTION: hepatic circulation
3 layers of heart
- Epicardium (outside membrane)
- Myocardium (thick muscle)
- Endocardium (inner membrane)
4 chambers
1&2. Ventricles - main pumping
3&4. Atria - small “primer” chambers
4 valves
- Tricuspid - RA and RV
- Mitral - LA and LV
- Pulmonic - RV and PA
- Aortic - LV and aorta
Which valve only has 2 cusps?
Mitral
4 vessels
- SVC and IVC
- PA
- PV
- Aorta
Function of AV node
Introduces delay so that atrial contraction occurs before ventricular contraction
Implications of damage to conduction system
Electrical arrhythmia and inefficient pumping action
His-Purkinje system is made up of what?
Specialized myocyte cells, ready for fast conduction
Where do coronary arteries originate?
Root of aorta
LAD = widowmaker, why?
Because occlusions within LAD are often suddenly fatal.
Path of Deoxy blood flow
- Returns from systemic circulation via SVC and IVC
- Enters RA w/o valve
- RA contracts and ↑ pressure to open tricuspid valve
- Blood enters RV
- RV contract and opens pulmoic valve
- Blood enters PA
Path of Oxy blood flow
- Returns from lungs and enters LA via PV
- LA contracts and opens mitral valve
- Blood enters LV
- LV contracts and opens aortic valve
- Blood enters systemic circulation via aorta
Which are resistance vessels? Capacitance vessels?
Arterioles = resistance vessels Venules = capacitance vessels
Varicose veins = failure of what?
Failure of one-way valves in venules.
Atherosclerotic plaques are initiated by damage to what structure?
vascular endothelium (found in tunica intima)
