Overview

Question 1

What are the functions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

• Communication
• Regulating internal events
• Organising behaviour
• Information storage (memory)
• Sensations, perceptions, emotions
• the cells responsible for these are Neurons and glia

Question 2

What is more numerous - neurons or glia?

Answer 2

Glial cells

Question 3

What are the functions of glial cells?

Answer 3

• Supportive, nutritive role
• Myelin formation
• Schwann cells (PNS)
• Oligodendrocytes (CNS)

Question 4

What is the functions for astrocytes?

Answer 4

Involved in nutrient supply to neurons in CNS

Question 5

What is the function of microglia?

Answer 5

Defence role, phagocytic

Question 6

What is the function of ependymal cells?

Answer 6

Involved in production of cerebrospinal fluid and controls the movement of fluid

Question 7

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

Answer 7

Neuronal support and myelin formation in CNS

Question 8

What is the function of Schwann cells?

Answer 8

Neuronal support and myelin formation in PNS

Question 9

What are neurones and what are their functions?

Answer 9

• Excitable cells
• Generation and transmission of signals
• Synaptic processing: memory
• Various types with structure related to function

Question 10

What is included within the PNS?

Answer 10

• Spinal nerves

- Cranial nerves

Question 11

What is included within the CNS

Answer 11

• Spinal cord

- Brain

Question 12

What is ‘somatic’ associated with?

Answer 12

Things that have conscious information

Question 13

What is ‘visceral’ associated with?

Answer 13

Things that have unconscious information

Question 14

What does afferents mean?

Answer 14

Going towards the CNS

Question 15

What does efferents mean?

Answer 15

Going away from the CNS

Question 16

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 16

31 pairs

Question 17

What are the 31 pairs of spinal nerves?

Answer 17

• 8 cervical
• 12 thoracic
• 5 lumbar
• 5 sacral
• 1 coccygeal

Question 18

What is a dermatome?

Answer 18

An area of skin that is supplied by a single spinal nerve (sensory neurons)

Question 19

What is a myotome?

Answer 19

A group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve (motor neurons)

Question 20

What does each spinal nerve contain?

Answer 20

Many sensory and motor axons

Question 21

Which nerves are part of the ventral root?

Answer 21

Motor nerves

Question 22

Which nerves are part of the dorsal root?

Answer 22

Sensory nerves

Question 23

Is the ventral root anterior or posterior?

Answer 23

Anterior

Question 24

Is the dorsal root anterior or posterior?

Answer 24

Posterior

Question 25

What is a nerve plexus?

Answer 25

A network of nerves that seem to be tangled that mostly serve the limbs. Each network is a network of nerves that come together then redistribute themselves out with a different distribution of nerves into the limbs

Question 26

How many cranial nerves are there?

Answer 26

12 pairs

Question 27

What do afferent (sensory) nerves do?

Answer 27

- Carry information to CNS

Question 28

What are afferent signals in somatic nerves associated with?

Answer 28

Sensations/perceptions

Question 29

Do afferent signals from internal organs usually give rise to sensations?

Answer 29

No

Question 30

What do efferent (motor) nerves do?

Answer 30

- Carry information away from the CNS | - Cause actions: muscle contractions etc

Question 31

What do somatic efferents do?

Answer 31

Control voluntary muscle

Question 32

What do visceral efferents do?

Answer 32

Constitute the autonomic nervous system - which controls smooth and cardiac muscle and some glands

Question 33

What are the 5 types of nerve axon?

Answer 33

- A-beta fibre - A-alpha fibre - C fibre - A-gamma fibre - A-delta fibre

Question 34

Which of the following are myelinated/unmyelinated: - A-beta - A-delta - A-alpha - A-gamma - C fibre?

Answer 34

- A-beta: myelinated - A-delta: myelinated - A-alpha: myelinated - A-gamma: myelinated - C fibre: unmyelinated

Question 35

Are A-alpha fibres motor or sensory?

Answer 35

- Some sensory neurons | - Motor neurons

Question 36

Are A-beta fibres motor or sensory?

Answer 36

- Sensory neurons

Question 37

Are A-gamma fibres motor or sensory?

Answer 37

- A special form of motor neuron

Question 38

Are A-gamma fibres motor or sensory?

Answer 38

- Sensory neurons

Question 39

Are C fibres motor or sensory?

Answer 39

- Sensory neurons | - Some autonomic nerves