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BDS1 The Nervous System > Overview > Flashcards

Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A
  • Communication
  • Regulating internal events
  • Organising behaviour
  • Information storage (memory)
  • Sensations, perceptions, emotions
  • the cells responsible for these are Neurons and glia
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2
Q

What is more numerous - neurons or glia?

A

Glial cells

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3
Q

What are the functions of glial cells?

A
  • Supportive, nutritive role
  • Myelin formation
  • Schwann cells (PNS)
  • Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
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4
Q

What is the functions for astrocytes?

A

Involved in nutrient supply to neurons in CNS

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5
Q

What is the function of microglia?

A

Defence role, phagocytic

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6
Q

What is the function of ependymal cells?

A

Involved in production of cerebrospinal fluid and controls the movement of fluid

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7
Q

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

Neuronal support and myelin formation in CNS

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8
Q

What is the function of Schwann cells?

A

Neuronal support and myelin formation in PNS

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9
Q

What are neurones and what are their functions?

A
  • Excitable cells
  • Generation and transmission of signals
  • Synaptic processing: memory
  • Various types with structure related to function
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10
Q

What is included within the PNS?

A
  • Spinal nerves

- Cranial nerves

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11
Q

What is included within the CNS

A
  • Spinal cord

- Brain

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12
Q

What is ‘somatic’ associated with?

A

Things that have conscious information

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13
Q

What is ‘visceral’ associated with?

A

Things that have unconscious information

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14
Q

What does afferents mean?

A

Going towards the CNS

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15
Q

What does efferents mean?

A

Going away from the CNS

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16
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

17
Q

What are the 31 pairs of spinal nerves?

A
  • 8 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 5 sacral
  • 1 coccygeal
18
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

An area of skin that is supplied by a single spinal nerve (sensory neurons)

19
Q

What is a myotome?

A

A group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve (motor neurons)

20
Q

What does each spinal nerve contain?

A

Many sensory and motor axons

21
Q

Which nerves are part of the ventral root?

A

Motor nerves

22
Q

Which nerves are part of the dorsal root?

A

Sensory nerves

23
Q

Is the ventral root anterior or posterior?

A

Anterior

24
Q

Is the dorsal root anterior or posterior?

A

Posterior

25
Q

What is a nerve plexus?

A

A network of nerves that seem to be tangled that mostly serve the limbs. Each network is a network of nerves that come together then redistribute themselves out with a different distribution of nerves into the limbs

26
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

27
Q

What do afferent (sensory) nerves do?

A
  • Carry information to CNS
28
Q

What are afferent signals in somatic nerves associated with?

A

Sensations/perceptions

29
Q

Do afferent signals from internal organs usually give rise to sensations?

A

No

30
Q

What do efferent (motor) nerves do?

A
  • Carry information away from the CNS

- Cause actions: muscle contractions etc

31
Q

What do somatic efferents do?

A

Control voluntary muscle

32
Q

What do visceral efferents do?

A

Constitute the autonomic nervous system - which controls smooth and cardiac muscle and some glands

33
Q

What are the 5 types of nerve axon?

A
  • A-beta fibre
  • A-alpha fibre
  • C fibre
  • A-gamma fibre
  • A-delta fibre
34
Q

Which of the following are myelinated/unmyelinated:

  • A-beta
  • A-delta
  • A-alpha
  • A-gamma
  • C fibre?
A
  • A-beta: myelinated
  • A-delta: myelinated
  • A-alpha: myelinated
  • A-gamma: myelinated
  • C fibre: unmyelinated
35
Q

Are A-alpha fibres motor or sensory?

A
  • Some sensory neurons

- Motor neurons

36
Q

Are A-beta fibres motor or sensory?

A
  • Sensory neurons
37
Q

Are A-gamma fibres motor or sensory?

A
  • A special form of motor neuron
38
Q

Are A-gamma fibres motor or sensory?

A
  • Sensory neurons
39
Q

Are C fibres motor or sensory?

A
  • Sensory neurons

- Some autonomic nerves

BDS1 The Nervous System (4 decks)

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