CNS

Question 1

What is included within the CNS?

Answer 1

• Brain

- Spinal cord

Question 2

What does the brain and spinal cord lie within?

Answer 2

The skull and vertebral canal

Question 3

What are the names of the 3 meninges that cover the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 3

• Dura mater
• Arachnoid membrane
• Pia mater

Question 4

What are the 5 different segments of the spinal cord?

Answer 4

• Cervical
• Thoracic
• Lumbar
• Sacral
• Coccygeal

Question 5

What does grey matter contain?

Answer 5

• Neuron cell bodies and some axons

Question 6

What does white matter contain?

Answer 6

• Nerve axons

Question 7

Where is the dorsal horn grey matter located?

Answer 7

• In the posterior part of the spinal cord

Question 8

Where is the location of first-order afferent neuron terminals?

Answer 8

• Dorsal horn grey matter

Question 9

What contains cell bodies of second-order sensory neurons?

Answer 9

• Dorsal horn grey matter

Question 10

Where is ventral horn grey matter located?

Answer 10

• In the anterior part of the spinal cord

Question 11

Which is bigger, the dorsal horns or the ventral horns?

Answer 11

The ventral horns

Question 12

What does the ventral horn grey matter contain?

Answer 12

• Cell bodies of motor neurons

Question 13

Where do moto nerve axons leave the spinal cord via?

Answer 13

Ventral nerve roots

Question 14

What do the regions of the spinal cord look like after being stained and why?

Answer 14

Stained for myelin so:

• White matter stains dark
• Grey matter stains light/ appears pale

Question 15

Why is there relatively more white matter in the cervical and thoracic regions than lumbar and sacral?

Answer 15

• The cervical region has more white matter because the cervical region works the upper limbs of the body. In order for our fingers to move quickly, presence of more myelinated axons are needed. In lower segments of the spinal cord, there is less white matter because there are fewer axons travelling to and from the brain

Question 16

Why is there a greater amount of grey matter in cervical and lumbar regions?

Answer 16

• In the cervical segment, the ventral horn is enlarged. Also in the lumbar segment, the ventral horn is large. These segments are those that contain motor neurons that control movement of the arms and legs

Question 17

What mechanism is the reflex pathway associated with?

Answer 17

• The protection mechanism

Question 18

What 3 neurons are associated with the reflex pathway?

Answer 18

• Sensory neuron
• Interneuron
• Motor neuron

Question 19

How is white and grey matter positioned in the spinal cord?

Answer 19

• White matter surrounds grey matter

Question 20

How is white and grey matter positioned in the brain?

Answer 20

• Grey matter on outside - The cerebral cortex

- White matter on inside

Question 21

What three regions of the brain are there?

Answer 21

• Forebrain
• Midbrain
• Hindbrain

Question 22

What are the 2 regions of the forebrain?

Answer 22

• Cerebrum

- Diencephalon

Question 23

What are the 3 regions of the hindbrain?

Answer 23

• Pons
• Medulla oblongata
• Cerebellum

Question 24

What does the midbrain control?

Answer 24

• Visual and auditory reflexes

- Pain control

Question 25

What does the hindbrain control?

Answer 25

• ‘vital centres’ regulating breathing, heart, blood vessel etc (medulla)
• Control of balance and posture (cerebellum)

Question 26

What does the thalamus control?

Answer 26

• Sensory processing

Question 27

What does the hypothalamus control?

Answer 27

• Role in homeostasis
• Hormone production; associated with pituitary gland and its hormones
• Circadian rhythms
• Motivation
• Emotional responses, stress

Question 28

What does the cerebrum control?

Answer 28

• Sensory and motor functions
• Language
• Memory
• Perceptions
• Sensory-motor integration
• Emotions

Question 29

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

Answer 29

• Frontal
• Parietal
• Occipital
• Temporal