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BDS1 The Nervous System > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ANS control?

A

Involuntary activities:

  • Smooth muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Various glands
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2
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the ANS?

A
  • Sympathetic NS

- Parasympathetic NS

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3
Q

What nerves does the parasympathetic NS affect?

A
  • Brainstem:
  • CN 3,7,9 - head structures
  • CN 10 (vagus) - thoracic and abdominal organs
  • Sacral spinal cord:
  • S 2,3,4 - pelvic organs
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4
Q

What nerves does the sympathetic NS affect?

A
  • Thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord T1-L2
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5
Q

Where is the ganglion in a parasympathetic neuron of the ANS?

A

Close or very near to the effector organ

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6
Q

Where is the ganglion in a sympathetic neuron if the ANS?

A

Midway

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7
Q

What are the 2 components of the SNS?

A
  • Nervous component

- Endocrine component

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8
Q

What is the endocrine component of the SNS?

A
  • Adrenal medulla - produces and releases adrenaline into the blood stream
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9
Q

What is the ganglion like in the PNS?

A
  • Long pre-gang neuron
  • Short post-gang neuron
  • Ganglion near or in effector organ
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10
Q

What is the ganglion like in the SNS?

A
  • Pre- and post-gang neurons similar in length

- Synapse in Sympathetic chain or one of the collateral (or pre-vertebral) ganglia or in the adrenal medulla

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11
Q

Where does the PNS generally have actions on?

A
  • Generally had discrete actions on single organs in the body ‘core’:
  • Salivary gland; heart
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12
Q

What are the conservative, anabolic effects of the PNS?

A
  • Storing energy - digestion etc

- Slowing heart

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13
Q

Where does the SNS generally have actions on?

A
  • More widespread actions, often affecting whole body

* distribution of sympathetic nerves; circulating adrenaline

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14
Q

What is the SNS associated with?

A
  • Homeostasis
  • blood pressure, thermoregulation
  • Fight, flight or fright
  • meeting demands of active muscle
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15
Q

What is the effect of the ANS on smooth muscle?

A
  • Blood vessels in various parts of the body

- Bronchi, bronchioles

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16
Q

What is the effect of the ANS on the heart?

A
  • GIT - change in circulation of GIT will have effect on heart
  • Rate, force of contraction
17
Q

What is the effect of the ANS on glands?

A
  • Salivary glands
  • Gastro-intestinal glands
  • Sweat glands
18
Q

Does the ANS have an effect on metabolism?

A

Yes, a major effect

19
Q

Does the ANS control breathing?

A

NO, the breathing muscles are skeletal muscles, and are controlled by somatic nerves (e.g. phrenic nerve) - not conscious but not controlled by ANS

20
Q

What are the PNS and SNS effects on the iris?

A

PNS - Contraction

SNS - Contraction

21
Q

What are the PNS and SNS effects on the ciliary muscle?

A

PNS - Contraction

SNS - Relaxation

22
Q

What are the PNS and SNS effects on salivary glands?

A

PNS - Secretion (copious, watery)

SNS - Secretion ( viscous, low volume)

23
Q

What are the PNS and SNS effects on the lacrimal gland?

A

PNS - Secretion

SNS - Secretion

24
Q

What are the PNS and SNS effects on nasal glands?

A

PNS - secretion

SNS - nothing

25
Q

What are the PNS and SNS effects on blood vessels?

A

PNS - Indirect effect - GI receives more blood as producing more so changes in blood pressure - increase
SNS - Constriction, dilation

26
Q

What neurotransmitter acts on the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

ACh

27
Q

What neurotransmitter(s) act on the sympathetic nervous system?

A

ACh

NA

28
Q

What does noradrenaline cause?

A
  • Contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels

- Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

29
Q

What do alpha adrenergic neurotransmitters cause?

A

Contraction of smooth muscle

30
Q

What do beta adrenergic neurotransmitters cause?

A
  • Relaxation of smooth muscle (beta-2)
  • Increase heart rate and force of heart contraction (beta-1)
  • ‘beta-blockers’ block beta-1 receptors only, so their effects are restricted to the heart
31
Q

What is adrenaline used as?

A

A vasoconstrictor - acts on alpha blockers to prevent the local anaesthetic from leaving the intended area as quickly - reduces clearance of anaesthetic so treatment can last longer

32
Q

Which patients are susceptible to potential problems when being given a LA with adrenaline?

A

Patients with heart conditions

33
Q

What are muscarinic receptors?

A
  • Membrane bound proteins with an extracellular domain that contains a recognition site for ACh, combination of ACh with the receptor initiates a physiological change
34
Q

What are muscarinic receptors blocked by?

A

Atropine

35
Q

What nerve supply do blood vessels and glands in the periphery receive?

A
  • Sympathetic supply only

BDS1 The Nervous System (4 decks)

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