Overnutrition And Undernutrition

Question 1

Overweight

Answer 1

BMI overweight 25-29.9
Obese- >30

Fat cell development

• fat cell numbers increase in late childhood and early puberty during positive energy balance. (Hyper plastic obesity)
• far cells size increases when energy intake exceeds expenditure (hypertrophic obesity)
• lipoprotein lipase promotes fat storage
• men at increased risk of central obesity, women at risk for lower body fat

Question 2

Set point theory

Answer 2

• body natural regulatory centres maintain homeostasis at set point
• human body tends to maintain a certain weight
• the set point moves gradually overtime to accommodate long term weight loss and gain

Question 3

Causes of obesity

Answer 3

Genetics
- leptin: protein that acts as a
Hormone to increase energy expenditure and decrease appetite. Produced by fat cells under the direction of the ob gene. May be deficient in obese individuals.
- ghrelin: protein that acts as a hormone to decrease energy expenditure and increase appetite. Produced by stomach cells.
- uncoupling proteins: influence energy metabolism- white adipose stores gat for energy, brown stores fat for heat
Environment
- overeating
- physical inactivity

Question 4

Undernutrition

Answer 4

When people do not eat or absorb
Enough nutrients to cover their needs for energy and growth, or to maintain a healthy immune system
Micronutrient deficiencies are a sub category

Question 5

Maternal under nutrition

Answer 5

Results in stunted growth and low birth weight.
A foetus is at risk if the mother was undernourished or anaemic before conception of if during pregnancy, her diet is inadequate
Low birth weight increases morbidity and mortality among neonates and infants, impacts on emotional and intellectual development