Macrominerals Flashcards
1
Q
Minerals
A
Inorganic elements
- macrominerals >100mg/ day
- micromonerals
2
Q
Macrominerals
A
Calcium Chloride Magnesium Phosphorous Potassium Sodium Sulphur
3
Q
Calcium
A
- structural component of bones and teeth
- role in cellular processes- muscle contraction, blood clotting, enzyme activation
Body content: 1400g
Deficiency symptoms
- rockets
- osteomalacia
- osteoporosis
- tetany
Food sources
- milk and dairy
- salmon and sardines with bones
- turnips, broccoli, cauliflower, kale
- legumes and tofu
Toxicity >2500mg/d
- milk alkali syndrome, deposition of calcium in soft tissue alongside systemic alkalosis
- constipation
4
Q
Calcium interactions
A
Enhance absorption - vitamin d - sugars and sugar alcohols - protein Inhibit absorption - fibre - phytate - oxalate - excessive Zn, Mg - unabsorbed fatty acids Enhance urinary calcium excretion - sodium - protein - caffeine Absorption inhibited by excessive calcium - iron - fatty acids
5
Q
Chloride
A
- primary anion
- maintains pH balance
- enzyme activation
- component of gastric HCl
Body content approx 105g
Deficiency summons in infants - loss of appetite
- failure to thrive
- weakness and lethargy
- severe hypokalemia
- metabolic acidosis
Food sources: Salt Seafood Meat Milk Eggs
6
Q
Magnesium
A
- component of bones
- role in never impulse transmission
- protein synthesis
- enzyme cofactor
Body content: approx 35g
Deficiency symptoms: - neuromuscular hyperexcitability - muscle weakness - tetany Food sources Nuts Legumes Whole grain cereals Leafy green vegetables
7
Q
Magnesium nutrient interactions
A
Enhance absorption - vitamin D - lactose - fructose Inhibit absorption - phytate - fibre - excessive unabsorbed fatty acids Toxicity unlikely to occur in people with normal renal function
8
Q
Phosphorous
A
Structural component of bones, teeth, cell membranes, phospholipids, nucleic acids, nucleotide coenzymes, ATP-ADP phosphate transferring system in cells
PH regulation
Body content- approx 850g
Deficiency symptoms - neuromuscular, skeletal, haematologic, and cardiac manifestations - rickets - osteomalacia Food sources Meat Poultry Fish Eggs Milk/ mil products Nuts, legumes, grains, cereals
RDI- 1000mg/day
9
Q
Potassium
A
- water, electrolyte and pH balances
- cell membrane transfer
Body content- approx 245g
Deficiency symptoms
- muscular weakness
- mental apathy
- cardiac arrhythmias
- paralysis
- bone fragility
Food sources Avocado Banana Dried fruit Potatoes Dried beans Wheat bran Dairy products Eggs
10
Q
Sodium
A
- water, pH and electrolyte regulation
- nerve transmission
-muscle contraction
Body content- approx 105g
Deficiency symptoms - anorexia
- nausea
- muscle atrophy
- poor growth
- weight loss
Food sources
Table salt
Meat
Seafood
Cheese
Excess urinary sodium excretion increases excess urinary calcium excretion
11
Q
Sulphur
A
- component of sulphur containing amino acids, lipoic acid and vitamins thiamin and biotin Body content- 175g food sources: Meat Poultry Fish Eggs Legumes Nuts
