Overall Science Flashcards
What is a hypothesis?
An educated guess based on observations and prior knowledge.
What are qualitative and quantitative data?
Qualitative data describes using the senses, while quantitative data involves numbers.
What is kinetic energy?
Energy due to motion.
Name three types of potential energy.
Chemical, elastic, and gravitational potential energy.
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred or transformed.
Define voltage.
The measure of electrical energy carried by charges in a circuit, measured in volts (V).
What is Ohm’s Law?
Ohm’s Law states V=IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.
What is an element?
A substance made of one type of atom that cannot be broken down further.
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonding?
Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons.
Define pH.
A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, ranging from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic), with 7 being neutral.
What are cations and anions?
Cations are positively charged ions, and anions are negatively charged ions.
What are the alkali metals, and why are they reactive?
Alkali metals are Group I elements; they are highly reactive due to having one valence electron.
What is a noble gas?
An element in Group VIII that is unreactive due to having a full outer electron shell.
What is energy efficiency?
The ratio of useful energy output to total energy input.
