Overall

Question 1

What is Steinberg Paradigm?

Answer 1

Measure of working memory performance

Shows memory retrieval is sequential: reaction time increases as the list of items to remember gets longer

Question 2

What is the frontal lobe?

Answer 2

In the front part of the brain. Controls decision-making, problem-solving, emotional regulation, expressive language, voluntary activity

Question 3

What is the parietal lobe?

Answer 3

Behind the frontal lobe (top of the brain). Processes touch, visual attention, spatial awareness, and other sensory inputs. Also manipulating objects and spatial attention. (“where”-pathway)

Question 4

What is the occipital lobe?

Answer 4

Back of the brain. Controls visual processing

Question 5

What is the temporal lobe?

Answer 5

Located by the ears. Processing auditory information, language comprehension, memory and emotional association (“what”-pathway).

Question 6

What is the motor cortex?

Answer 6

Part of the frontal lobe. Controls voluntary muscle movements

Question 7

What is Broca’s area?

Answer 7

In the frontal lobe. Helps you speak and express languag

Question 8

What is Wernicke’s area?

Answer 8

In the temporal lobe. Helps you understand language

Question 9

What is the cerebellum?

Answer 9

The bottom, back part of the brain. Coordinates balance and movement

Question 10

What is the brainstem?

Answer 10

Connects the brain to the spinal cord, controlling essential life functions like breathing, heart rate, and sleep cycles

Question 11

What is EEG?

Answer 11

Measures electrical brain activity using electrodes on the scalp, showing real-time brain waves

Question 12

What is MEG?

Answer 12

Detects magnetic fields from brain activity for precise timing and spatial mapping (localization of activity)

Question 13

What is PET?

Answer 13

Tracks brain activity by detecting radioactive tracers injected into the body (diagnosis of conditions like cancer and brain disorders)

Question 14

What is fMRI?

Answer 14

Measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow, providing detailed images

Question 15

Lobe vs Cortex vs Region

Answer 15

Lobe: large section of the brain - includes multiple parts

Cortex: The outer layer of the brain - responsible for higher-level processing

Region: Broader term

Question 16

What is behaviourism?

Answer 16

A theory in psychology (1900-1920) that focuses on studying observable behaviors rather than internal thoughts or feelings, emphasizing how the environment shapes behavior through learning

Question 17

What is the information-processing approach?

Answer 17

Views the mind as a system that processes, stores, and retrieves information, similar to how a computer works

Question 18

What is introspection?

Answer 18

The process of examining and reflecting on one’s own thoughts, feelings, and mental processes

Question 19

What is cognition?

Answer 19

Information processing

Question 20

What is a neuron and its key function?

Answer 20

A nerve cell that carries messages in the form of electrical signals throughout the body, allowing for communication between the brain and other parts of the body

Question 21

Describe the anatomy of a neuron

Answer 21

A neuron has three main parts:

Cell body: Contains the nucleus and processes information.
Dendrites: Branch-like structures that receive signals from other neurons.
Axon: A long extension that carries signals away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles

Question 22

Who is Wilhelm Wundt?

Answer 22

Considered the father of modern psychology

Question 23

What does the hypocampus do?

Answer 23

Located in the temporal lobe. Crucial for memory

Question 24

What does the amygdala do?

Answer 24

Located in the temporal lobe. Processes emotions, especially fear and threat detection

Question 25

What does the basal ganglia do?

Answer 25

A group of brain structures involved in coordinating movement, motor learning, and reward processing.
It plays a key role in smooth, voluntary movements

Question 26

What is aphasia?

Answer 26

A language disorder from brain damage
Affects: speech, comprehension, reading, or writing.

Question 27

What is the replicabillity crisis?

Answer 27

Refers to the difficulty in replicating or reproducing the results of many scientific studies, raising concerns about the reliability and validity of research findings

Question 28

What is the empiricist view vs the
nativistic view?

Answer 28

The empiricist view argues that knowledge comes from sensory experience and learning from the environment.

The nativistic view suggests that certain knowledge or abilities are innate and present from birth

Question 29

What is TMS?

Answer 29

A method for determining the function of a brain region; a magnetic field is applied to the surface of the head to disrupt the neural processing in that region

Question 30

What is the Cerebral Cortex (“Cortex”)

Answer 30

The outer part of the brain

Question 31

What is Topographic Organization?

Answer 31

The brain’s “map” where nearby brain areas control or sense nearby body parts

Question 32

What is the limbic system?

Answer 32

The hyppocampus, amygdala, hypoethalamhus, other structures, and the thalamus and basal ganglia (remember af hippo with a hat)

Question 33

What is the cognitive revolution?

Answer 33

From the 1950s: Shift back to studying mental processes. Noam Chomsky developed the theory that humans are born with an innate ability to learn language. He also challenged behaviorism

Question 34

What are the 3 principles essential to the ethical conduct of research with humans according to the Belmond Report?

Answer 34

Respect for persons
Beneficience
Justice

Question 35

What is the main difference between the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere?

Answer 35

The left hemisphere specializes in language, logic, and analytical tasks, while the right hemisphere is focused on spatial awareness, creativity, and emotions