Overall Flashcards

(42 cards)

1
Q

What are the 4 tissue types?

A

Connective, Epithelial, Nervous and Muscle

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2
Q

Briefly describe Connective tissue

A

Supports and protects

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3
Q

Briefly describe Epithelial tissue

A

Protection and secretion

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4
Q

Briefly describe Nervous tissue

A

Communication and sensory

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5
Q

Briefly describe Muscle tissue

A

Movement

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6
Q

What is the neurotransmitter between pre and post ganglionic neurons?

A

Sympathetic - Acetylcholine + norepinephrine/epinephrine

Parasympathetic - Acetylcholine & Acetylcholine

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7
Q

Describe a vein

A

Thin walls, carry deoxygenated blood towards heart

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8
Q

Describe an artery

A

Thick muscular walls, carries oxygenated blood away from heart

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9
Q

Advantages to parallel circuit?

A

Lower resistance, can regulate individual organs without effecting others. If one organ fails, downstream organs are not effected

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10
Q

Functions of the cardiac frame and where is it?

A

keeps valves in shape and in position, is an attachment for muscle bundles, acts as an insulator. Between atria and ventricles

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11
Q

What is the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart?

A

The heart will pump out any amount of blood that it receives.

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12
Q

What is pneumothorax? why does it happen?

A

Collapse lung. The seal has broken.

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13
Q

Blood pressure of pulmonary circulation?

A

15-30mmHg

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14
Q

Blood pressure of systemic circulation?

A

100-140mmHg

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15
Q

What’s the name of the cells of the conduction system of the ventricles?

A

Purkinje cells

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16
Q

Where are Purkinje cells found?

A

Just below the endocardium

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17
Q

What kind of innervation does the heart receive from the parasympathetic system?

A

Acts on the nodes - slows heart rate

18
Q

What kind of innervation does the heart receive from the sympathetic system?

A

Acts on entire system - increases HR, increases speed and force of contraction

19
Q

What’s worse, atrial or ventricular fibrillation and why?

A

Ventricular as there is no pumping of blood.

20
Q

What is the dead space in the lungs?

A

Where there is no gas exchange

21
Q

How do AV valves open and close?

A

Change of pressure caused by contractions of the heart

22
Q

Name the 3 types of capillaries

A

Continuous, sinusoid, fenestrated

23
Q

Functions of the baroreceptors?

A

Short-term control of BP

24
Q

Size of RBC

25
How to regulate long term control of BP?
Fluid volume in blood
26
3 types of blood flow?
No flow, laminar, turbulent
27
What structure is defective in varicose veins?
The valves
28
One feature of turbulent flow?
Makes a sound
29
Name 3 variables in GFR?
Blood pressure, resistance of afferent and efferent arterioles, NaCl because is always there and good measure of speed of flow because responds to time-gradient.
30
What are the 4 Starling forces?
Capillary pressure (BP) Plasma colloid osmotic pressure Interstitial fluid pressure Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure
31
Anatomical features of the lymphatic system?
Dead ends and valves. One direction.
32
Name four main parts of Respiratory system
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
33
What's the formula for vascular capacitance?
C = change in V / change in P
34
What is the function of microcirculation?
O2 and nutrients exchange + removal of CO2 and waste products in blood.
35
Determinants of blood flow formula?
F = change in P / R
36
Why is the mean blood pressure closer to diastole than systole?
Because diastole is longer than systole.
37
Describe blood flow of the heart
Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary arteries. Oxygenated blood returns via pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta to the cells.
38
How many seconds between nodes?
0.03, 0.09, 0.04, total = 0.16 seconds
39
Describe wiring of the heart
SA node, AV node, His bundle, ventricular fibres
40
Name parts of the kidney
Pelvis, cortex, medulla, papilla, minor and major calyx, nephrons, pyramid, capsule, ureters.
41
Name parts of a nephron
Glomerulus, bowmans capsule, afferent and efferent tubules, loop of Henle, collecting tubule and collecting duct, macula densa, juxta-glomerular apparatus.
42
Cell types in the Alveoli
Type 1, epithelial. Type 2 (clara), secretes surfactant. Immune cells (macrophages)