Lecture 6 - Coronaries and veins Flashcards
What are the three types of cardiac veins?
Coronary sinus, anterior cardiac veins, and Thebesian veins
Why does blood flow fall during ventricular contraction?
Because the muscle is contracting so no blood can flow through it
Name 2 ways coronary flow is controlled
Local control like muscle, nervous control that is less powerful
Where does the heart’s energy supply come from in the fed state?
Krebs cycle and glycolysis
Where does the heart’s energy supply come from in the fasting state?
Fat, lactic acid, ketone bodies
What causes the chest pain during ischemia / hypoxia / coronary stenosis or blockage?
The use of glucose and production of lactic acid as a metabolite during respiration without O2
Name 5 factors of ischemic heart disease
Aging, male, genetics, diabetes
Cigarettes, cholesterol, lack of exercise, blood pressure
Define atherosclerosis
The buildup of plaques made of fats and cholesterol
Define arteriosclerosis
Rigid arteries
Name 3 key steps of atherosclerosis
- Cholesterol and fats get below endothelial layers
- Turbulent flow and inflammation + scarring
- Reduced lumen, possibly even acute occlusion
What can worsen the symptoms of mild ischemic heart disease and how is it diagnosed?
Exacerbated by exercise, fear, cold exposure, full stomach.
Diagnose with treadmill stress test
Symptoms of mild vs severe ischemic heart disease:
Mild: chest pain, radiates to left arm, shoulder, neck
Severe: thrombus/blood clot, embolus if in circulation
What happens in ischemic heart disease to avoid complete occlusion of smaller arteries?
Vascular remodeling
How can you treat ischemic heart disease?
Coronary bypass or coronary artery angioplasty
What is myocardial infarction (obstruction of local blood supply)?
Chronic obstruction by atherosclerosis leading to thrombus/embolus, and coronary spasm (sudden sustained contraction in artery)
