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Pharmacology > Over the counter medications > Flashcards

Over the counter medications Flashcards

1
Q

are generics as good as brand names?

A

yes - they are the same thing

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2
Q

what must you consider when taking OTC? (3)

A
  1. risk vs benefit
  2. interactions
  3. evidence of effectiveness
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3
Q

do you ask someone about OTC meds when taking a standard med history?

A

YES YES YES

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4
Q

what is the same in generic vs brand names

A

the active ingredient

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5
Q

where do generic and brand names differ?

A

inactive ingredients

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6
Q

which is less expensive, generic or brand name?

A

generic

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7
Q

what type of med names are capitalized vs lower case

A

Brand Names Capitalized
generic name lowercase

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8
Q

if you want to prescribe someone specifically the brand name, can you just write the script as the generic?

A

NO - dont be lazy, put the brand name!

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9
Q

5 types of OTC drugs include

A
  1. pain and fever
  2. cold meds
  3. allergy meds
  4. GI meds
  5. misc OTC
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10
Q

pain and fever OTC include (2)

A

acetaminophen, NSAIDs

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11
Q

cold meds OTC include (3)

A
  1. cough suppressant
  2. expectorant
  3. histamine-1 (H1) blocker/decongestants
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12
Q

allergy OTC include

A
  1. H1 blocker
  2. decongestants
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13
Q

GI OTC meds include

A
  1. antidiarrheals, laxatives, antacids
  2. histamine-2 (H2) blockers/proton pump inhibitors
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14
Q

administration options for OTC meds

A

oral, rectal, transdermal

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15
Q

acetaminophen med effects

A
  1. analgesic
  2. antipyretic
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16
Q

max adult/ped dose acetaminophen and when is it normally given

A

4000mg adult, 75mg/kg Q4H normal

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17
Q

most common analgesic in US =

A

acetaminophen

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18
Q

1 toxic exposure reported to poison control

A

acetaminophen

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19
Q

antidote for acetaminophen OD

A

N-acetylcysteine

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20
Q

acetaminophen OD are (4)

A
  1. common
  2. silent
  3. deadly (potentially)
  4. treatable
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21
Q

what meds are includes in NSAIDs

A
  1. acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)
  2. ibuprofen
  3. naproxen
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22
Q

NSAIDs effects (3)

A
  1. anti-inflammatory
  2. anti-pyretic
  3. analgesic
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23
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid dose, what is it given for, given as

A

dose: 81-325mg
Treats: acute coronary syndrome & ischemic stroke
Given as: oral, liquid, suppositories, creams/lotions

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24
Q

common side effect of Acetylsalicylic Acid

A

GI upset & GI bleed

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25
Q

ASA toxicity could result in

A
  1. acid base abnormalities
  2. acute resp distress syndrome
  3. hypoglycemia
  4. ototoxicity
  5. hyperthermia
  6. hallucinations
  7. seizures
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26
Q

do you give kids ASA?

A

NO ARE YOU KIDDING ME

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27
Q

PEARL

A

chronic salicylate toxicity often confused with sepsis - especially in elderly

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28
Q

ibuprofen OTC strength, prescribed strengths, dosed every ___ hours and has a max dose of ____ mg

A

OTC strength: 200mg
Prescribed: 4,6,800mg
Q6-8H
max daily = 3200mg

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29
Q

naproxen OTC strength, prescribed strengths, dosed every ___ hours and has a max dose of ____ mg

A

OTC: 220mg
prescribed: 500mg
Q12H
max daily = 1000mg

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30
Q

NSAIDs risks

A
  1. CHF exacerbation
  2. HTN worsened
  3. upper GI bleed
  4. renal impairment
  5. hepatotoxicity
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31
Q

what meds are all considered equally efficacious in relieving pain

A

aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen

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32
Q

what type of meds contain caffeine

A

HA meds

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33
Q

excedrin =

A

acetaminophen + ASA + caffeine

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34
Q

why is caffeine put in an analgesic?

A

acts synergistically with other ingredients to magnify their analgesic effect (umm pamprin?!?)

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35
Q

difference in excedrin XS and excedrin migraine

A

no silly goose they are the same

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36
Q

guafensen actions

A
  1. expectorant
    makes mucous thinner to improve clearance of secretions
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37
Q

dextromethorphan actions

A
  1. suppress cough reflex
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38
Q

cough drops actions

A

1.active ingredient is menthol
suppress cough by increasing salivation and providing anesthetic effect

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39
Q

oral decongestants are used to relieve

A

cold (URI/allergy)

40
Q

sympathomimetics =

A

acts via vasocontriction

41
Q

examples of sympathomimetics

A
  1. Pseudoephedrine (ppl made meth so now behind counter)
  2. phenylephrine
42
Q

oral preps can ____ BP and ____ HR

A

increase 2x

43
Q

oral preps are contraindicated in patients with

A
  1. heart disease
  2. HTN
  3. Dysrhythmias
  4. BPH
44
Q

intranasal sympathomimetics =

A

nasal decongestant

45
Q

what are nasal decongestants used for

A

relieve cold and allergy symptoms by constricting dilated arterioles in the nasal mucosa

46
Q

nasal decongestant are (slow/rapid) onset with (many/few) adverse side effects

A

rapid, few

47
Q

therapy for nasal decongestants are limited to ___. why?

A

3 days - rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa)

48
Q

Oral histamine-1 blockers =

A

antihistamines

49
Q

antihistamines target

A
  1. sneezing
  2. rhinorrhea
  3. itchiness of eyes and nose preventing histamine release
50
Q

antihistamines are separated into

A

first and second generation

51
Q

first generation antihistamines include

A
  1. diphenhydramine
  2. chlorpheniramine
  3. brompheniramine
  4. clemastine
  5. doxylamine
    (benadryl, Dimetapp, etc)
52
Q

first gen antihistamine cause

A

drowsiness - dont give to treat allergies

53
Q

nyquil combination cold med is composed of

A

Acetaminophen - 650mg
Dectromethorphan - 30 mg
Doxylamine - 12.5mg
NO DECONGESTANT

54
Q

dayquil severe is composed of

A

Acetaminophen - 325 mg
Dextromethorphan - 10mg
Guafensin - 200 mg (not in normal dayquil)
phenyleprine - 5mg
No antihistamine, no sedation

55
Q

nyquil severe is composed of

A

Acetaminophen - 650mg
Dectromethorphan - 20 mg
Doxylamine - 12.5mg
phenylephrine - 10mg

56
Q

should cold meds be given to kids 4 and under?

57
Q

should cold meds be given to kids 4-6

A

only if approved by doc

58
Q

all cold meds are a mix of

A

pain, cough, decongestant, and antihistamine

59
Q

cold meds vary by

A
  1. combination
  2. strength
60
Q

second gen antihistamine =

A

allergy meds!

61
Q

2nd gen antihistamines include

A
  1. fexofenadine
  2. loratadine
  3. desloratadine
  4. cetrizine
    (Zyrtec, allegra, claritin, etc)
62
Q

when are allergy meds most effectively used?

A

prophylactically

63
Q

are allergy meds used for URI’s

A

not usually

64
Q

diarrheal meds (list em)

A
  1. loperamide
  2. bismuth subsalicyte
65
Q

loperamide (what does it do)

A

slows peristalsis

66
Q

actions of bismuth subsalicylate

A
  1. antacid
  2. antimicrobial
  3. gastroprotective
  4. anti-secretory
  5. anti-inflammatory
67
Q

what are common meds that contain bismuth subsalicylate?

A

pepto and kaopectate

68
Q

pepto-bismol commonly causes what and is a mistake often in ERs lol

A

black tarry stool, oopsie its not a GI bleed its just my pepto

69
Q

when do you want to avoid taking an anti-diarrheal?

A

suspected bacterial gastroenteritis

70
Q

constipation med action

A

stimulate peristalsis

71
Q

constipation meds (list em)

A
  1. senna compounds
  2. bisacodyl
  3. aloe vera
  4. cascara
72
Q

bulk forming agents (fiberrrrr)

A

high fiber content
1. methylcellulose
2. psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid

73
Q

how do bulk forming agents work?

A

pulls water into the intestines

74
Q

stool softener action

A

reduce surface tension of stool enhancing fat and H2O absorption

75
Q

stool softeners are used

A

prophylactically

76
Q

stool softeners are known to be (more/less) effective than other agents

77
Q

what is the primary stool softener med?

A

docusate sodium

78
Q

enema meds active ingredient

A

sodium phosphate, mineral oil, bisacodyl

79
Q

how do enemas work

A

introduce fluids into the intestines through the rectum, fluid softens stool and enema nozzle breaks apart stool - very productive

80
Q

primary components of antacids

A

magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate

81
Q

action of antacids (2)

A
  1. neutralize gastric acid
  2. reduce acid delivery to duodenum
82
Q

role of antacids

A
  1. treat heartburn (primary)
  2. treat mild GERD
83
Q

what are meds used for GI upset?

A

histamine 2 receptor blockers

84
Q

how do histamine 2 receptor blockers work to help with GI upset

A

inhibit acid secretion by blocking H2 receptors on parietal cells

85
Q

H2 receptor blockers effective for (2)

A
  1. mild esophagitis
  2. GERD
86
Q

OTC H2 receptor blockers (3)

A
  1. cimetidine
  2. femotidine
  3. nizatidine
87
Q

what is another type of med used for GI upset?

A

proton pump inhibitors

88
Q

how do PPIs work

A

blocks acid secertion by irreversibly binding to and inhibiting the hydrogen potassium ATPase pump on parietal cell membrane

89
Q

PPIs pros (compared to H2 blockers)

A
  1. stronger acid suppression
  2. faster control of symptoms
  3. higher ulcer healing rates
90
Q

PPIs are more effective in preventing NSAID-_____ ____ _______

A

NSAID induced GI toxicity

91
Q

PPI (list em)

A
  1. omeprazole
  2. lansoprazole
  3. esomeprazole
92
Q

name some misc OTC meds

A
  1. vitamins
  2. Zinc
  3. Melatonin
  4. Saw palmetto
  5. Omega 3 fish oil
  6. probiotics
93
Q

what vitamins are fat soluble

94
Q

ADEK vitamins are toxic in ___ ____

A

high doses

95
Q

what vitamins are water soluble

96
Q

is there a toxicity concern for water soluble (BC) vitamins

A

not generally

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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