Ovary Flashcards
What is the functional unit of the ovary?
Follicle
What cells and steps are involved with inducing ovulation?
LH acts on theca cells to release androgen which goes to Sertoli cells. FSH acts on granulosa cells to convert androgen to Estrodiol which leads to LH surge. This in turn leads to ovulation.
Where does the Corpus Luteum come from and what is it function? What does hemorrhage into corpus luteum cause?
After ovulation, the residual follicle becomes the corpus luteum which primarily secretes progesterone (drives the secretory phase). Can result in hemorrhagic corpus luteal cyst.
Where do follicular cysts come from? What is their clinical significance?
Come from the degeneration of follicles. Small numbers of follicular cysts are common in women and have no clinical significance.
A 30 year old teacher comes to your office complaining of excess hair on her face. She also has missed her period for the past two months and is worried that she hasn’t been able to get pregnant. Physical exam indicates that she is slightly obese. What disease is she at risk of right now that explains her presentation? What can she develop several years later?
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD). She may have insulin resistance and may develop type 2 diabetes mellitus 10 - 15 years later.
A 30 year old teacher comes to your office complaining of excess hair on her face. She also has missed her period for the past two months and is worried that she hasn’t been able to get pregnant. Physical exam indicates that she is slightly obese. What disease is she at risk of right now that explains her presentation? What can she develop several years later?
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD). She may have insulin resistance and may develop type 2 diabetes mellitus 10 - 15 years later.
What is the cause of PCOD? How many women does it affect? What hormones are involved and what are their levels? Why is there hirsuitism?
Multiple ovarian follicular cysts due to hormone imbalance and affects roughly 5% of reproductive age women. Characterized by increased LH and low FSH (>2:1). Increased LH induces increased andgrogen production in theca cells which
What is the cause of PCOD? How many women does it affect? What hormones are involved and what are their levels? Why is there hirsuitism?
Multiple ovarian follicular cysts due to hormone imbalance and affects roughly 5% of reproductive age women. Characterized by increased LH and low FSH (> 2:1 ). Increased LH induces increased androgen production in theca cells which results in hirsutism.
What happens to androgen in adipose tissue? What does this do to the follicles and how does it do it? What cancer is there an increased risk for?
Converted to estrone which negatively feedbacks and decreases FSH release leading to cystic degeneration of follicles. High levels of circulating estrone increases risk for endometrial cancer.
