Ovaries And Testes Flashcards
What’re the stages of oogenesis that result in 1 egg from (haploid cell) from a primary oocyte (diploid)?
The ovaries contain primary oocytes. The primary oocyte (diploid) is replicated (interphase) this diploid then goes through meiosis 1 to give 2 haploid cells. These haploid cells then go through meiosis 2 to give 4 (2 each) new haploid cells. 3 of these polar bodies are smaller than the 4th daughter cells and will disintegrate. Only one will survive and become the mature ovum.
What is oogenesis?
The creation of an ovum (mature egg)
Where does oocyte development occur in humans?
The ovaries
If more than one follicle matures, what is the result?
Fraternal twins.
What is the release of the secondary oocyte from the ovaries called?
Ovulation
What is the large tertiary follicle they can be expected to suffice for ovulation called?
The Graafian follicle
What are the three stages of the menstrual cycle?
Menstruative phase, proliferative phase and secretory phase.
What are the three stages of the ovarian cycle?
Follicular phase, ovulation and luteal phase.
What day does bleeding begin?
Day 0.
What phase is this: ovarian follicles mature and get ready to release an egg.
Follicular phase
What phase is this: mature egg is released from ovarian follicles into oviduct.
Ovulation
What phase is this: Corpus luteum atrophies.
Luteal phase
What phase of the uterine cycle does the luteal phase correspond to?
Secretory phase
What hormones are required by the corpus luteum to maintain itself?
LH and FSH
Where is the hormone progesterone produced?
The corpus luteum
What do falling levels of progesterone trigger?
Menstruation
What phase is this: flow of menses.
Menstruative phase
What phase is this: estrogen causes lining of uterus to grow/proliferate.
Proliferative phase
What phase is this: corpus luteum produces progesterone which plays role in blastocyst implantation
Secretory phase
What is spermatogenesis?
The process by which spermatozoa are produced from the male primordial germ cells by means of mitosis and meiosis.
Describe the process from single spermatogonia to 4 mature spermatozoa.
1 spermatogonia yields 1 primary spermatocyte by mitosis. The primary spermatocyte divided meiotically (meiosis 1) to give 2 secondary spermatocytes. Each secondary spermatocyte divides into 2 spermatids by means of meiosis 2. These 4 spermatids mature into spermatozoa, also known as sperm cells.
What is the term given to the non cyclic production of sperm?
continual total production
What male accessory organ concentrates and stores sperm?
Epididymis
What male accessory organ produces semen into the ejaculatory duct?
Seminal vesicles
What male accessory organ produces alkaline fluid and clotting enzymes?
Prostate gland
What male accessory organ secretes mucus as a lubricant?
Bulbourethral gland
What pituitary hormone acts on Leydig cells to regulate testosterone secretion?
LH
What pituitary hormone acts on Sertoli cells to enhance spermatogenesis?
FSH
What effect does too much testosterone have on spermatogenesis?
It suppresses it
