Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ob / Gyn 2 > Ovarian Pathology > Flashcards

Ovarian Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 kinds of ovarian masses

A

Cystic masses and ovarian tumours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 types of neoplastic ovaarian tumours

A

Epithelial
Germ cell
Sex cord or stromal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 types of cystic ovarian masses

A

Simple

Bilateral/ multiple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What types of simple cystic ovarian masses are there

A 
Follicular 
Corpus luteum
Para ovarian 
Omental
Urachal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the types of bilateral and multiple cystic ovarian masses

A

Theca lutean
Polycystic ovaries
Ovarian torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

follicular cyst

A

Normal cysts
Occur when LH and FSH stimulate the ovary to mature the oocyte
Can grow from 3-24mm in 10days
Evolve into corpus luteum after rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Corpus luteum cysts

A

Term after ovulation
Have an odd appearing shape, grow to 1-10cm, often with debris due to hemorrhage
If large it will resolve in 8weeks w/out pregnancy
With pregnancy it will resolve in 12-15 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Persistent cysts

A

Follicular or corpus luteum
Can grow quite large before rupturing
Can cause pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Paraovarian cysts

A

AKA cysts if morgani

Remnants of embryonic ducts or are also serosal cysts arising from Müllerian duct remnants
Have thin walls 
NEVER surrounded by ovarian tissue 
Do not change in size, 1-4cm 
Usually asymptomatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Urachal cysts

A

Located @ midline in anterior abdominal wall, between umbilicus and bladder
Remnant from when the bladder developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Omental cyst

A

Located along the omentum usually higher in the pelvis or abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Theca lutean cysts

A

Multiple bilateral cysts on the ovaries
Can be several cm in size
Caused from excessive amounts of hCG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are theca lutean cysts associated with and what can happen to the ovary

A

Multiple gestation
Molar pregnancy
Choriocarcinoma
Hyperstimulation syndrome

Ovary can undergo hemorrhage, rupture or torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is hyperstimulation of the ovary

A

Theca lutean cyst with ascites

Typically caused by pergonal (a fertility drug taken in a IVF cycle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PCOS and what can it be associated with

A

Polycystic ovarian syndrome or stein leventhal syndrome

Associated with endometrial ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who is affected by PCOS

A

Women between the age of 20 and 30 years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is PCOS caused by

A

Unopposed estrogen with no surge in LH

And occurs when there is increased androgen segregation from the ovarian stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens in PCOS

A

Ovulation does not occur

There is many immature follicles that never rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the symptoms of PCOS and what can it be a precursor for

A

Obesity
Hirsutism
Infrequent menses
Infertility

Precursor for: diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is hirsustism and what is it caused by

A

Increased body hair

Caused by increased androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the most extreme form of PCOS called

A

Hyperthecosis or thecosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is PCOS diagnosed

A

Blood work; increased testosterone levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why are pelvic US often ordered for PCOS

A

To investigate for it but they are never the definitive diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of PCOS

A

Slightly enlarged ovaries with multiple small cysts around the periphery
~”string of pearls” appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ovarian torsion

A

A acute sharp pain
Rare in normal ovaries
Normally associated with ovarian masses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the 2 types of ovarian torsion

A

Incomplete

Complete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is incomplete ovarian torsion

A

Large, edematous ovaries with multiple cyst (fluid retention due to: congestion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is complete ovarian torsion

A

Increased or decreased echotexture; due to infarct or hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How is ovarian torsion assessed

A

With colour and spectral Doppler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Early Dx of ovarian torsion may help do what

A

Salvage the ovary

31
Q

What are the 7 types of epithelial tumors

A 
Serous cystadenoma 
Serous cystadenocarcinoma  
Mucinous cystadenoma  
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma 
Endometrioid 
Clear Cell Carcinoma  
Brenner’s Tumor
32
Q

Serous cystadenoma

A

Simple cystic tumor, common and benign
Has thin walls, variable in size and can have multiple septations
Occurs in the menstruating age group

33
Q

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

A

May be cystic w/ irregular texture and walls
Ascites will be present, look for para-aortic lymph nodes
Large >10cm
Most common malignant ovarian ca

34
Q

Mucinous cystadenoma

A

Benign, unilateral cystic mass with low-level echoes (mucin) or complex appearance
Very large; 15-30cm
Can rupture due to size

35
Q

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

A

Rare; when compared to benign counterpart
Malignant
Complex appearance with associated ascites; has greater chance to rupture
Has a risk of pseudomyxoma peritonei

36
Q

What is pseudomyxoma peritonei

A

Massive adhesions from the mucin in the ascites

37
Q

Endometrioid carcinoma

A

Usually malignant
Effects the menopausal age group; >60years
Large; 10-15cm,
Complex or solid appearance

Associated w/ endometrial ca

38
Q

Clear cell carcinoma

A

AKA mesonephroid
Müllerian duct origin

Complex mass
Malignant

Variant of endometrioid ca

name comes from how the cells appear under a mircoscope

39
Q

Brennan’s tumor

A

AKA transitional cell tumor

Rare 
Benign 
Solid 
Variable in size; up to 30cm 
Unilateral
40
Q

What are the 4 germ cell tumors

A

Cystic teratoma
Solid teratoma
Dysgerminoma
Endodermal sinus tumor

41
Q

Cystic teratoma

A

AKA dermoid or mature teratoma

Usually benign, 2% can become malignant
Viable “tip of the iceberg” appearance; predominately complex w/ fat and fluid layers, calcifications (teeth/hair)

Effects all ages

Ovary can undergo torsion

42
Q

What is ROkitansky nodule

A

A very hyperechoic discrete rounded protuberance within the mass

43
Q

Solid teratoma

A

AKA immature teratoma

Effects young children/ young women

Benign-highly malignant

Soli mass, can have complex internal echoes

44
Q

Dysgerminoma

A

Rare

Found ink young women

Solid, areas of necrosis
Malignant/highly radiosensitive

Associated with choriocarcinoma; increased hCG levels

45
Q

What is the male counterpart of dysgerminoma called

A

Seminoma

46
Q

What is choriocarcinoma the malignant form of

A

Persistent trophoblastic disease

47
Q

Endodermal sinus tumor

A

AKA yolk sac tumor

Malignant
Rapid growth
Solid

Poor prognosis, high reoccurrence rate

Increases AFP

48
Q

What are stromal tumors

A

Stromal: sex cord

Are Connective cell tumors

49
Q

What are the 3 stromal tumors

A

Granulosa cell tumor
Sertoli-leadings cell
Fibroma/fibrosarcoma

50
Q

Granulosa cell tumor

A

AKA theca luteal cell tumor or thecoma

Solid
Usually benign

Precocious puberty in children
Irregular cycles in adults

Produces estrogen

Causes increased risk for endometrial ca

51
Q

Why do granulosa cell tumors cause irregular cycles in adults

A

Because the increased levels in estrogen will stimulate the endometrium to thicken

52
Q

Sertoli-leadings cell tumor

A

AKA androblastoma or arrenoblastoma

Occurs in adolescence

Produces androgens; masculinization

Solid and unilateral
Necrotic

10-12% become malignant
Usually benign

53
Q

What is the difference between a fibroma and a fibrosarcoma

A

Fibrosarcoma is the malignant form of a fibroma

54
Q

Fibroma

A

Unilateral

Effects postmenopausal women
Solid; similar to fibroid

55
Q

What is a fibroma associated w/

A

Meigs’ syndrome

56
Q

What is meigs’ syndrome

A

Hydrothorax and ascites with an ovarian mass

57
Q

What happens to meig’s syndrome when the mass is removed

A

The syndrome resolves

58
Q

Secondary ovarian tumors

A

Caused by the mesastatic spreading from a primary carcinoma of a different organ to the ovary
~ usually from GI or breast

Common
Large complex masses

59
Q

Krukenberg’s tumor

A

Bilateral metastatic ovarian tumors that produce mucin

60
Q

Ovarian ca

A

4th leading cause of death due to ca in women

Silent killer

Increased in nulliparous women

Typically occurs in women 60-70 yrs in age

61
Q

Risk factors for ovarian ca

A 
Nulliparous 
Low parity
Delayed childbearing
Early onset of menses
Late menopause
HRT >10yrs
Family Hx of breast or ovarian ca
62
Q

There is a direct relationship of the number of years of ovulation and

A

Epithelial ovarian ca

63
Q

Over 90%of sporadic ovarian ca occurs in women

A

> 50

64
Q

Breast and ovarian ca are

A

Strongly associated w/ one another

65
Q

Women who have had breast ca have a 2x higher risk of developing what kind of ovarian ca

A

Primary

66
Q

Women with ovarian ca have a 3-4x high risk of developing what kind of ca

A

Breast

67
Q

Mutation of what genes may increase the risk of a patient developing ovarian and breast ca

A

BRCA 1

BRCA 2

68
Q

If any pelvic abnormality is seen what type of further scanning should be considered for charaterizing ovarian masses

A

Endovaginal

69
Q

What do you look for sonographically when assessing for ovarian pathology

A 
Irregular wall 
Thick septations
>5cm size 
Ascites
Distal Mets

If the mass is fixed or invading other organs

Doppler mass

70
Q

Ca 125 is an antibody used to detect what kind of ca

A

Ovarian

71
Q

What is bloodwork helpful for

A

Detecting recurrence

72
Q

What is the most sensitive tumor to bloodwork

A

Nonmucinous

73
Q

CHEETAH

A 
Cystadenoma 
Hemorrhagic cyst 
Ectopic
Endometrioma 
Teratoma
Abscess
Hydrosalpinx

*acronym for ovarian masses with similar appearances

Ob / Gyn 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions