Contraceptation Flashcards
Oral contraception is more of what happens at the
Cervix
Oral contraception contains
Progesterone
Estrogen
What does oral contraceptives cause
ovulation to not occur
Cervical mucus thickens, so sperm cannot pass through cervix
Changes the uterine lining
Mini pill
Contains only progesterone
Ovulation can occur
Cervical mucus thickens thus not allowing sperm to pass through cervix
What is the appearance of the endometrium when a patient is on BCP
Thin
Birth control patch contains
estrogen
progesterone
How does a birth control patch work
Hormones are absorbed through the skin Ovulation is prevented Cervical mucus thickens -sperm cannot pass through cervix Changes the endometrial lining
Depo provera
Contains only progestin
One shot last 3 months
Prevents ovulation
Thickened cervical mucus
Depo provera can
be used by women who
- smoke
- over the age of 35
- are breastfeeding
Improve symptoms of endometriosis
Nuva ring is a
Vaginal contraceptive ring which is placed in the vagina for 3 weeks and has to be replaced every month
How does the Nuva ring work
Estrogen and progesterone are absorbed into the body
Ovulation does not occur
Thickens cervical mucus
Uterine lining is altered
Can the Nuva ring be seen on US
Yes
When can a emergency contraceptive pill be used
Up to 5 days after unprotected intercourse
Plan B can be taken as
1 pill right away, second pill 12 hours later
Or
Both pills at the same time
How do emergency contraceptive pills work
Contains high dosages of estrogen and progestin
Uterine lining is changed so implantation will not occur
Vaginal mucus will change as well
IUCD
Intrauterine contraceptive device
IUCD can be made of
Copper or plastic
ICUD are placed by
Physicians
What are the 2 types of IUCD’S and what do they prevent
Mirena
Copper IUD
Prevents implantation
Mirena are
IUCS
Small, soft “T” shaped
Inserted into uterus by physician
99.9% effective
Why are mirena ICUS
Because they secrete hormones
IUCS
Intrauterine contraceptive system
Mirenas can
Prevent ovulation
Be left for up to 5 years
Mirenas contains progestein which does what
Changes uterine lining
Thickens cervical mucus
Copper T are
Small soft T shaped plastic coated with copper wire
99.2 - 99.4% effective
Copper T can be left for how long
5 years
What do copper T do
Changes the endometrium so implantation does not occur
Thickens vaginal mucus
What is the role of US in IUCD maintence
Checking for position and presentation
-should be in the fundus of the uterus
What is the sonographic appearance of IUCD
Hyperechoic echo in the endometrium
Comet tail artifact
Posterior shadowing
What are the complications involved with IUCD’S
Expulsion intro the uterine cavity Improper location (migration) PID Ectopic pregnancy Pregnancy with an IUCD - can result in complications
PID can cause
Infertility but it might not be the device causing the infection but rather the patients lifestyle
Pregnancy with IUCD
40% will spontaneously abort
-due to rupture of membranes or infection
1/20 are ectopic
Increased risk of preterm delivery with attempted removal of IUCD
An IUCD may be seen under which gestation
<12 weeks
Barrier contraception can be
Female condoms Male condoms Sponge with spermicide Cervical caps Diaphragms
Which barrier contraceptive methods must be fitted by a physician
Cervical caps
Diaphragms
What are the surgical methods for contraception in females
Tubal ligation
Tubal ligation is
Percent
Surgical procedure done through laparoscopy
-ligating
-cauterizing
-staples
-coils, are sometimes placed into the Fallopian tubes
Male sterilization
Vasectomy
Vasectomy’s are
Permanent
Ligation of the vas Deferens
Ejaculation with out sperm
Medical abortions can use which drug
Methotrexate/misoprostol
Methotrexate is
Growth inhibitor
Used up to 7weeks LMP
A injection administered in a clinic
Methotrexate can
end a pregnancy in a day or two
Take up to 4 weeks to terminate pregnancy
How is methotrexate a growth inhibitor
Blocks folic acid from the embryonic cells so they cannot divide
Induced abortions can be
Therapeutic or surgical
Induced abortions are done by
Manual vacuum aspiration
D&C
D&E
D&C
Dilatation and curettage
D&E
Dilation and evacuation
What is a D&E
Second trimester abortion
Termination of lethal chromosomal anomalies
What is sonographys role in a D&E
May be required in operating room for these procedures to guide surgeons
