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Ob / Gyn 2 > Extra Pelvic Pathology > Flashcards

Extra Pelvic Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

A septum remains in the lumen of the vagina between what

A

Urogential sinus

Upper vagina

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2
Q

What is the structure called when the septum remains in the lumen of the vagina

A

Hymen

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3
Q

An imperforated hymen occurs if

A

The hymen does not rupture

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4
Q

If the hymen does not rupture it causes

A

Hydrocolpos

Hematocolpos

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5
Q

What are the types of retention of fluid in the pelvis

A

Hydrocolpos

Hydrometrocolpos

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6
Q

What is hydrocolpos

A

Fluid in the vagina
Occurs before puberty
Is the retention of vaginal secretions

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7
Q

What is hydrometrocolpos

A

The more severe form of hydrocolpos
Occurs before menses or after menopause
It is secreations in the uterus and vagina

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8
Q

Hematocolpos

A

Occurs after puberty

Blood trapped in the vagina

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9
Q

Hematometra

A

Retention of blood in the uterus

Typically caused by a imperorate hymen

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10
Q

Hematometrocolpos

A

Blood in the uterus and vagina

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11
Q

What is the role of sonography in hema/hydrocolpos

A

Identify the level of obstruction
Evaulate the echogenicity
Look for fluid fluid levels

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12
Q

What is fluid fluid levels

A

When there is 2 different types of fluid present in the same area

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13
Q

What are gartner’s duct cysts and what are they caused by

A

Cysts along the vagina

Caused by mesonephric duct

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14
Q

Gartner’s duct cysts can occur

A

In single or multiple

Usually on the lateral or anterolateral wall

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15
Q

Gartner’s duct cysts usually are

A

Asymptomatic and found incidentally

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16
Q

In cases of vagnial carcinaoma is sonography used in the diagnosis

A

No

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17
Q

What is sonography used for in cases of vaginal CA

A

To help stage

To assess pelvic spread and distal metastasis

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18
Q

What is a nabothian cyst

A

A common retention cyst that usually occurs in multiples

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19
Q

What makes up a nabothian cyst

A

Entrapped cervical secreations

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20
Q

Ca of the cervix is diagnosed

A

Clinically, with a PAP smear

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21
Q

What can Ca of the cervix cause obstruction of

A

Uterus

Renal

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22
Q

What is the role of sonography in Ca of the cervix

A

Used to help stage

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23
Q

What are the risk factors for cervical Ca

A 
Infection by HPV
Early sexual activity 
Multiple sexual partners 
Low socioeconomic status 
Smoking 
BCP
Weakened immune system 
DES in utero
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24
Q

What is the sonographic findings of cervical Ca

A 
Hematometra from cervical stenosis 
Multiple cystic areas within a solid cervical mass
Bulky cervix 
Irregular cervical boarders 
Mass extending form cervix to pelvic sidewall 
Tumor invasion of the bladder 
Hydronephrosis 
Liver Mets 
Paraaortic nodes
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25
Q

A incompetent cervix can cause

A

Preterm labour and delivery

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26
Q

A incompetent cervix will have what in the 2nd or early 3rd trimester

A

Cervical effacement

27
Q

What are the causes of a incompetent cervix

A

Trauma
DES
Idiopathic

28
Q

What is the best way to asses for a incompetent cervix

A

Tarnslabial

Trans vaginal

29
Q

What is DES

A

Diesthlstilbestrol
Discontinued in 1971
Caused t shaped uteruses

30
Q

What are the 2 different types of adnexal pathology

A

Endometriosis

PID

31
Q

Endometriosis is

A

The growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity

32
Q

What are the 2 types of endometriosis

A

Internal

Eternal

33
Q

What is another name for internal endometriosis

A

Adenomyosis

34
Q

What is external endometriosis called

A

Endometriosis

35
Q

Endometriosis usually occurs where

A

Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Broad ligament
Pouch of Douglas

36
Q

Endometriosis can cause

A

Adhesions

37
Q

What are the symptoms of endometriosis

A 
Dysmenorrhea
Dysparunia 
Infertility 
Menorrhagia 
Palpable mass 
-endometrioma
38
Q

What is a endometrioma

A

Aka chocolate cyst
Well defined, predominantly cystic mass with low level echos

Can see fluid to fluid levels

39
Q

Is endometriosis easy or difficult to diagnosis with sonography

A

Difficult

40
Q

What are the DDx for endometriosis

A

Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst
Ovarian cyst adenoma
Turbo-ovarian abscess

41
Q

What is the Tx for endometriosis

A

Drugs
Laser surgery
Hysterectomy
Oophrectomy

42
Q

PID

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

43
Q

What are the causes of PID

A

STI

Pyogenic

44
Q

What are the different STI’s that can cause PID

A

Gonorrhea

Chlamydia

45
Q

What are the different Pyogenic causes for PID

A

IUCD
Surgery
Postpartum
Crohon’s disease

46
Q

What is stage 1 PID

A

Asymptomatic
Or
Vaginal discharge and tenderness

47
Q

What is stage 2 PID

A

Febrile
Acute pelvic pain
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
-can develop hydrosalpinx

48
Q

What is stage 3 PID

A

TOA stage
Acute abdominal pain
Increased WBC; can develope Fitzhugh Curtis syndrome

49
Q

What is Fitzhugh Curtis Syndrome

A

Pain on inspiration.
Perihepatitis - inflammation of the liver capsule
RUQ pain
Small absecesses on liver capsule- can lead to adhesions
Increased liver enzymes

50
Q

Salpingitis occurs

A

When the Fallopian tube walls become thickened and edmeatous

51
Q

What can happen in salpingitis when the tubes are blocked

A

Pyosalpinx

52
Q

Once pyosalpinx is treated and the infected material is reabsorped what is the chronic result

A

Hydrosalpinx

53
Q

Sonographic appearance of stage 1 PID

A

Thick endo

Fluid in the endo canal or normal appearance

54
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of stage 2 PID

A

Hypoechoic s-shaped Fallopian tubes with low-level echoes

Fallopian tube walls are smooth

55
Q

What is the sonographic apperance of stage 3 PID

A

Multiocular mass
Irregular boarders
Fluid-fluid layers, air within mass

56
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of chronic PID

A

Distended S-shaped tubes

Thin walls

57
Q

What is the DDx of chronic PID

A

Ovarian cyst

Small cystadenoma as

58
Q

Hermaphroditism is when a person

A

Possesses both male and femal sex traits +/- ambiguous genitalia

59
Q

true hermaphroditism

A

Possessing both ovarian and testicular tissue
Infertile
Increase risk for gonadal Ca
Can be due to the fusion of 2 heterozygous twin zygotes right after fertilization

60
Q

Pseudo hermaphroditism

A

Possessing chromosomes for one sex but developing sex traits of the opposite sex

61
Q

A male pseudo hermaphrodite is and what can cause it

A

Genetically male but has female characteristics

- lack of androgens

62
Q

A female pseudo hermaphrodite is and what can cause it

A

Genetically female but has male charactistics -excessive androgens

63
Q

CHEETAH

A 
Cystadenoma /ca
Hemorrhagic cyst 
Ectopic
Endometrioma
Teratoma
Abscess
Hydrosalpinx
64
Q

Sonography with pelvic masses

A

Confirm the presence of mass
Determine the masses origin
Evaulate: size, echogencity, consistency, contour of mass, vasculature
Demonstrate the involvement of other organs
Document if ascites to other metastatic lesions are present

Ob / Gyn 2 (8 decks)

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