ovarian neoplasm Flashcards
risk factors for ovarian cancer?
number of times a woman ovulates.
age, obesity, early menarche, late menopause, iud, nulliparity
protective factors against ovarian cancer
breast feeding, COCP, multiparity
most common ovarian cancer
serous carcinoma
malignant tumour often found bilaterally, mulitloculated and contains mucinous fluid
Mucinous tumour
what syndrome is associated with endometroid and clear cell tumours of the ovary
lynch syndrome
what ovarian tumours are associated with endometriosis
clear cell and endometroid
What is a functional cyst and how is it treated?
due to an unruptured dominant follicle treatment is laropscopic cystectomy is symptomatic and monitor if not.
most common ovarian tumour in <30s?
teratoma/dermoid cyst
most common benign ovarian tumour/cyst
serous cystadenoma
what benign cyst is likely to present with torsion an why ?
teratoma as heavy
describe presentation of a granulosa cell tumour
precocious puberty and abnormal bleeding/post menopausal bleeding
what tumour contains cells with ‘coffee bean’ nucleus and ‘gland like’ spaces calle call-exner bodies
granulosa tumour
what tumour present in women of their 20s and is usually non functional but can present with hirtuism
sertoli/leydig tumour
what is meigs syndrome and what tumour is responsible
pleural effusion and escites and caused by thecoma/fibroma
an ovarian tumour in a child is likely to be a ?
dysgermimoma
what ovarian carcinoma is likely to be seen after a molar pregnancy ?
choriocarcinoma
what ovarian cancer is expected with an increased hcg
choriocarcinoma
what tumour presents as a sudden ovarian mass and an increased afp
yolk sac/ endodermal sinus
if signet ring cells seen on biopsy where is the original tumour from?
gastric origin - krukenburg tumour
common primary metastises
colon, stomach, pancreas and breast
what antigen is seen especially in mucinous tumours?
CEA- carcino embryonic antigen
what tumour markers would be done in a suspected ovarian cancer
Ca125, AFP, HCG and CEA
first line imaging?
TV ultrasound or abdo ultrasound
what chemotherapies are offered in ovarian cancer
platinum based- carboplatin, paclitaxel
treatment of epithelial tumours?
chemo and surgery as usually older ladies
treatment of non epithelial tumours?
women normally younger so chemo and try to preserve fertility
what staging system is used ?
Figo
describe the FIGO staging in ovary in regards to 1,2,3,4
stage 1- limited to ovary
stage 2- limited to pelvis
stage 3- confined to peritoneum-abdo
stage 4 - distant mets
after what stage do you give chemo and debulking?
stage 1c (both ovaries +surface of one) and above
eosinophilic fluid in cyst
call-exner bodies- granulose cell tumour
