ovarian neoplasm

Question 1

risk factors for ovarian cancer?

Answer 1

number of times a woman ovulates.

age, obesity, early menarche, late menopause, iud, nulliparity

Question 2

protective factors against ovarian cancer

Answer 2

breast feeding, COCP, multiparity

Question 3

most common ovarian cancer

Answer 3

serous carcinoma

Question 4

malignant tumour often found bilaterally, mulitloculated and contains mucinous fluid

Answer 4

Mucinous tumour

Question 5

what syndrome is associated with endometroid and clear cell tumours of the ovary

Answer 5

lynch syndrome

Question 6

what ovarian tumours are associated with endometriosis

Answer 6

clear cell and endometroid

Question 7

What is a functional cyst and how is it treated?

Answer 7

due to an unruptured dominant follicle treatment is laropscopic cystectomy is symptomatic and monitor if not.

Question 8

most common ovarian tumour in <30s?

Answer 8

teratoma/dermoid cyst

Question 9

most common benign ovarian tumour/cyst

Answer 9

serous cystadenoma

Question 10

what benign cyst is likely to present with torsion an why ?

Answer 10

teratoma as heavy

Question 11

describe presentation of a granulosa cell tumour

Answer 11

precocious puberty and abnormal bleeding/post menopausal bleeding

Question 12

what tumour contains cells with ‘coffee bean’ nucleus and ‘gland like’ spaces calle call-exner bodies

Answer 12

granulosa tumour

Question 13

what tumour present in women of their 20s and is usually non functional but can present with hirtuism

Answer 13

sertoli/leydig tumour

Question 14

what is meigs syndrome and what tumour is responsible

Answer 14

pleural effusion and escites and caused by thecoma/fibroma

Question 15

an ovarian tumour in a child is likely to be a ?

Answer 15

dysgermimoma

Question 16

what ovarian carcinoma is likely to be seen after a molar pregnancy ?

Answer 16

choriocarcinoma

Question 17

what ovarian cancer is expected with an increased hcg

Answer 17

choriocarcinoma

Question 18

what tumour presents as a sudden ovarian mass and an increased afp

Answer 18

yolk sac/ endodermal sinus

Question 19

if signet ring cells seen on biopsy where is the original tumour from?

Answer 19

gastric origin - krukenburg tumour

Question 20

common primary metastises

Answer 20

colon, stomach, pancreas and breast

Question 21

what antigen is seen especially in mucinous tumours?

Answer 21

CEA- carcino embryonic antigen

Question 22

what tumour markers would be done in a suspected ovarian cancer

Answer 22

Ca125, AFP, HCG and CEA

Question 23

first line imaging?

Answer 23

TV ultrasound or abdo ultrasound

Question 24

what chemotherapies are offered in ovarian cancer

Answer 24

platinum based- carboplatin, paclitaxel

Question 25

treatment of epithelial tumours?

Answer 25

chemo and surgery as usually older ladies

Question 26

treatment of non epithelial tumours?

Answer 26

women normally younger so chemo and try to preserve fertility

Question 27

what staging system is used ?

Answer 27

Figo

Question 28

describe the FIGO staging in ovary in regards to 1,2,3,4

Answer 28

stage 1- limited to ovary
stage 2- limited to pelvis
stage 3- confined to peritoneum-abdo
stage 4 - distant mets

Question 29

after what stage do you give chemo and debulking?

Answer 29

stage 1c (both ovaries +surface of one) and above

Question 30

eosinophilic fluid in cyst

Answer 30

call-exner bodies- granulose cell tumour