cervical cancer Flashcards
majority of cerivical cancers are?
squamous cell carcinoma
normal cells of endocervix are ?
single layer of glandular colunmar epithelium
normal cells of ectocervix
startified squamous
high risk HPV?
16/18
risk factors for cervical cancer ?
multiple partners young at loss of virginity long term oral contraception unprotected sex smoking immunosuppression
cumulative prevalance of developing HPV in lifetime
80%
CIN is a precurosr lesion to ?
sqaumous cell carcinoma
where does CIN occur
transfromation zone of cervix
describe difference between CIN 1,2,3
CIN 1- basal third of epithelium have abnormal cells
CIN 2 - extend to middle third with Abnorm cells
CIN 3- full thickness abnormal cells (carcinoma in situ)
halo cells indicate ?
koilocytosis - HPV
staging system used for cervical cancer
FIGO
what symptoms may be present with cervical cancer
post coital bleeding post meno bleeding brownish or blood stained discharge contact bleeding pelvic pain haematuria/ UTI ureteric obtruction / renal failure
precusor lesion of adenocarcinoma?
CGIN - cevical glandular intraepithelial neoplasm
who should get offered screening every 3 years ?
women aged 25-49
who should be offered cervical screenign every 5 years
women aged 50-64
if an individual is high risk HPV positive and negative for cytology what should happen ?
recall at 12 months to check if still HPV positive
if someone is high risk HPV positive and have abnormal cytology what should happen ?
refer to colposcopy
descrribe FIGO stage 1-4 of cervical cancer
stage 1- confined to cervix
stage 2 - doesnt pass lower third of vagina
stage 3 - involves lower third or ectends to pelvic side walls
stage 4- extends beyond pelvis or involved bladder/rectum
