cervical cancer

Question 1

majority of cerivical cancers are?

Answer 1

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 2

normal cells of endocervix are ?

Answer 2

single layer of glandular colunmar epithelium

Question 3

normal cells of ectocervix

Answer 3

startified squamous

Question 4

high risk HPV?

Answer 4

16/18

Question 5

risk factors for cervical cancer ?

Answer 5

multiple partners
young at loss of virginity 
long term oral contraception 
unprotected sex
smoking 
immunosuppression

Question 6

cumulative prevalance of developing HPV in lifetime

Answer 6

80%

Question 7

CIN is a precurosr lesion to ?

Answer 7

sqaumous cell carcinoma

Question 8

where does CIN occur

Answer 8

transfromation zone of cervix

Question 9

describe difference between CIN 1,2,3

Answer 9

CIN 1- basal third of epithelium have abnormal cells
CIN 2 - extend to middle third with Abnorm cells
CIN 3- full thickness abnormal cells (carcinoma in situ)

Question 10

halo cells indicate ?

Answer 10

koilocytosis - HPV

Question 11

staging system used for cervical cancer

Answer 11

FIGO

Question 12

what symptoms may be present with cervical cancer

Answer 12

post coital bleeding
post meno bleeding
brownish or blood stained discharge 
contact bleeding 
pelvic pain 
haematuria/ UTI 
ureteric obtruction / renal failure

Question 13

precusor lesion of adenocarcinoma?

Answer 13

CGIN - cevical glandular intraepithelial neoplasm

Question 14

who should get offered screening every 3 years ?

Answer 14

women aged 25-49

Question 15

who should be offered cervical screenign every 5 years

Answer 15

women aged 50-64

Question 16

if an individual is high risk HPV positive and negative for cytology what should happen ?

Answer 16

recall at 12 months to check if still HPV positive

Question 17

if someone is high risk HPV positive and have abnormal cytology what should happen ?

Answer 17

refer to colposcopy

Question 18

descrribe FIGO stage 1-4 of cervical cancer

Answer 18

stage 1- confined to cervix
stage 2 - doesnt pass lower third of vagina
stage 3 - involves lower third or ectends to pelvic side walls
stage 4- extends beyond pelvis or involved bladder/rectum