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Repro Med Test 2 > Ovarian disorders > Flashcards

Ovarian disorders Flashcards

1
Q

3 functional benign ovarian disorders

A

follicular cyst
corpus lutein cyst
theca lutein cyst

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2
Q

most common functional cyst

A

follicular cyst
unilateral adnexal
fill with fluid
2-8cm

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3
Q

theca lutein cyst unique facts 5

A
  1. massive 20-30 cm
  2. bilateral / multiple
  3. excessive / prolonged GnRH or HCG
  4. rarely cause: maternal virilization, morning sickness, preeclampsia, thyroid dysfunction
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4
Q

who at risk for corpus leutin cyst

A

women on anticoagulants

3-10 cm

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5
Q

PCOS buzzwords

A

2/3: hyperaldosteronism, PCOS US, and messed up ovulation

tx: OCP, metformin, clomiphene citrate (if want preggers)

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6
Q

string of pearls

A

PCOS on US

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7
Q

paraovarian cyst / fibroid is..

A

simple epithelial or benign fibroid in broad lig.

tx: conservative, sx or unsure laprascopic

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8
Q

ovarian surgical emergency

A

ovarian adnexal torsion

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9
Q

tubo-ovarian abcess caused by

A

PID

tx: IV abx, low threshold hospitalization

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10
Q

CDC TOA recommendations

A

24 hr observation if PID sx and TOA

worried about rupture –> sepsis

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11
Q

2 kinds of cystadenoma

A

serous and mucinous

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12
Q

most common ovarian benign neoplasm

A

cystadenoma

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13
Q

mucinous cystadenoma management

A

fill with sticky mucin
rupture - pseudomyxoma peritoneii, deposits in cavity
appendectomy as well!!!

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14
Q

serous cystadenoma

A

unilocular thin walled

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15
Q

largest of all ovarian tumors

A

mucinous cystadenoma

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16
Q

chocolate cyst

A

endometrioma ..ectopic endometriosus in ovary

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17
Q

with endometrioma when concern malignancy?

A

over age 40

otherwise.. cystectomy or oophorectomy

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18
Q

mature cystic teratoma is tissue from

A

all 3 germ layers

ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

19
Q

most common benign neoplasm for women under 35

A

mature cystic teratoma

20
Q

tubercle of rokitansky

A

mature cystic teratoma with nipple in cyst wall

21
Q

stroma ovarii

A

mature cystic teratoma when thyroid tissue is in cyst can lead to thyrotoxicosis

22
Q

fatty cysts

A

mature cystic teratoma

higher risk for torsion

23
Q

tx mature cystic teratoma

A

must do surgery! it wont go away

24
Q

5 US findings that suggest malignant adenexal mass

A
  1. thick septations
  2. papillary projection into cyst lumen
  3. intramural nodule
  4. cystic and solid components
  5. increased overall volume of ovary or Doppler measurement of blood flow
25
Q

CA 125 has decreased specificity in __women

A

premenopausal

26
Q

HE4 has better __ than CA125 for malignant ovarian disorders

A

specificity

27
Q

if pelvic mass + one of the following refer to gyn oncologist

A
  1. CA 125 over 35 in postmenopausal women
  2. CA 125 over 200 in premenopausal women
  3. Ascites
  4. Nodular or fixed pelvic mass
  5. evidence of abdominal or distant metastasis
  6. Fhx of 1st degree relative w/ ovarian or breast cancer
28
Q

infertility def

A

failure preg. after 1 yr unprotected sex (2+ / wk)

29
Q

meds that can cause retrograde ejactulation

A

sympathomimetics

anticholinergics

30
Q

oligospermia can be associated with..

A

varicocele

31
Q

ovary probs for __% of infertile women

A

40%

32
Q

does clomiphene citrate increase risk for ovarian cancer

A

NO
but can lead to cystic ovarian enlargement
or increase risk for multifetal pregnancy

33
Q

why does metformin help PCOS women with ovulation?

A

lowers ovarian androgens
increases ovulation frequency
decrease other PCOS sx

34
Q

why do aromatase inhibitors help with ovulation

A

blocks conversion of androgens to estrogen

hypothalamus sees low estrogen levels and increase GnRH release = ovulation

35
Q

letrozole is a

A

aromatase inhibitor

induces ovulation

36
Q

__ is potentially teratogenic

A

letrozole
aromatase inhibitor
not FDA approved for ovulation induction

but some say with PCOS and over BMI of 30.. its first line

37
Q

when is trasnphenoidal surgery an option for infertility tx

A

women with giant adenoma over 3 cm who desires pregnancy even if responding to DA agonist

38
Q

diverticulosis of the fallopian tube

A

SIN: salpingitis isthmica nodosa

nodular thicking of isthmus due to inflammation

causes obstruction

39
Q

__ is most important factor in tubal occlusive dz/ infertility

A

PID

increasing risk with each episode probably of tubal infertility

40
Q

standard tx for tubal factor tx

A

HSG: hysterosalpingography

41
Q

__ is only definitive method to ID peritoneal infertility factors

A

diagnostic laparoscopy

42
Q

peritoneal factor includes

A

pelvic or adnexal adhesions and endometriosus

43
Q

__ is most common and initial assisted repro tx

A

IVF

Repro Med Test 2 (6 decks)

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