Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Repro Med Test 2 > BPH Prostate Cancer / Urinary Tract Disorders > Flashcards

BPH Prostate Cancer / Urinary Tract Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

stratified epithelium lined with layer of cuboidal or columnar cells

arranges like a tree with larger ducts draining into small ones

A

prostate glandular tissue about 30% of prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

types of tissue in prostate

A

glandular
stroma
acini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

prostate stroma definition

A

collagen elastic & fibrous tissue that supports glandular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

__% of prostate is glandular tissue and __% of prostate is stroma

A

30% prostate = glandular

70% prostate = stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

contains strands of smooth muscle as well

lets prostate contract and expel secretions

A

stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the smallest structure in the glandular part of prostate

A

acini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

acini proliferation leads to

A

BPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

4 prostate zones

A

periurethral
peripheral
central
transition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

periurethral zone contains

A

contains mucosal and submucosal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

peripheral zone

A

majority of glandular tissue location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where 70% of prostate adenocarcinomas occur

A

peripheral zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cone shaped and has 25% of glandular tissue

also location about 1-5% of prostate cancers

A

Central Zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Transition Zone surrounds..

A

prostatic urethra

contains mucosal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

only about 20% of prostate cancer arises from …

A

the transition zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

t/f BPH normal part of aging

A

true

90% of men by age 80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

BPH is more progressive and severe in __

A

blacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

role of 5 reductase

A

turns testosterone into DHT

binds to receptors in prostate = BPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where are A1 adrenergic receptors located

A

muscle of stroma
capsule of prostate
bladder neck (causes smooth muscle contraction and contributes to worsening urinary sx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

LUTS

A

lower urinary tract sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sx of LUTS or urinary incontinence are exacerbated by what med?

A

cold meds especially decongestants (Sudafed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

medications to help with urinary BPH sx specifically to “open the gland”

A

non selective alpha blocker : doxazosin, terazosin

selective alpha-blocker: tamsulosin, silodosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

meds to “shrink the gland”

A

5 alpha reductase inhibitors : finasteride, dutasteride

takes about 6 mo to work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

additional med for BPH

A

antimuscarinics such as oxybutinin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

TUMT

A

surgical bph option..microwave tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
TUNA
surgical bph option: insert hot wire under direct vision = coagulative necrosis
26
TURP
bph surg option: resect extra tissue
27
PVP
bph surg option: vaporize the obstructing tissue w/ laser
28
REZUM
bph surg option shoots steam into prostate
29
most common non skin cancer in men
prostate cancer
30
2nd leading cause of cancer death in men
prostate cancer
31
prostate cancer prognosis
excellent if detected early
32
PSA is the ezyme that..
liquefies ejaculate sperm swim free
33
T/F DRE is both ore specific and sensitive for prostate cancer than PSA
TRUE
34
what is included in annual prostate exam?
DRE + PSA
35
who needs biopsy? (4 criteria)
men under 50 if + 1st degree relative Age 40 and African American + FH and PSA is 2.5 PSA under 4 but has increased over past 3 checks
36
DRE limitation
only 85% of cancers arise peripherally and are palpable
37
grading of prostate tells me
what type of cancer cells and how aggressive
38
staging of cancer tells me
how much of cancer and where it is (if spread how far)
39
PNB process
Local anesthetic, pt awake transrectal ultrasound guided sextant sample (right and left apex mid and base)
40
risks of prostate needle biopsy (PNB)
SL bleeding even in semen
41
gleason scoring
for prostate cancer | assigns all observed cancer cell types a score 1-10 with 2 most common types receiving a final combined score
42
besides gleason score what is workup for prostate cancer
1. CXR 2. CBC, LFT alk phos 3. Bone scan if PSA over 20 4. CT of pelvis if high risk
43
4 prostate cancer tx options
1. RRP radical retropubic prostatectomy 2. radiotherapy (brachytherapy seed implnt) 3. androgen suppressive therapy 4. active surveillance
44
what tx is best for localized, contained, low Gleason score cancer
radiotherapy: brachytherapy seeds irradiated and implanted in prostate
45
gold standard prostate tx
RRP: radiacal retropubic prostatectomy
46
what is common RRP complication
urinary dysfunction
47
dysuria
painful urination
48
hematuria
blood in urine (microscopic vs gross)
49
urgency
sudden, strog urge to pass urine
50
frequency
complication of voiding too often
51
UTI
urinary tract infection
52
recurrent UTI
reccurent generally due to diff organisms or resistance
53
persistenet UTI
organism never clears, frequently identical suseptability profile
54
unresolved uti
inadequate tx
55
complicated uti
uti in context that increase risk of therapy failing
56
acute uncomplicated uti aka
acute cystitis: UTI in healthy / normal individual
57
asymptomatic bacteria
bacteria in urine, without significant host response sx
58
80% acute cystitis caused by
e coli
59
__turns urine orange
pyridium ..dipstick is unreliable
60
specific gravity tells me
hydration | ranges 1.005-1.030
61
ph
ranges 5-8 over 7.5 = urea splitting organism Proteus under 6 = uric acid stones
62
blood in UA
none to 3+ | confirm with microscopic analysis
63
protein ranges
none to 4+
64
glucose in ua
always abnormal if present | renal threshold corresponds to serum glucose of 180
65
ketones in urine
sign of hunger or DM
66
nitrite in urine
if + = infection | - ..may still have infxn
67
leukocytes in urine
none to 3+ | + ifxn or contaminatd sample
68
RBC in urine more than 3 is..
abnormal think glomerularnephritis dz
69
epithelial cells in urine
common to have squamous cells for females
70
casts in urine
RBC cast think GN | WBC cast think pyelonephritis and GN
71
crystals in urine
associated with stone formation
72
bacteria in urine in males
always has to be cultured
73
who needs a urine culture?
all men with UTI women with recent abx, early recurrence, DM, pregnant or recent pregnancy, surgical complexity OR UTI sx for more than 7 days
74
RF for UTI
anatomy behaviors: spermicidal use, activities, baths vs showers etc environment: catheter, pessary, alteration in native flora - host post menopausal females
75
tx UTI
TMP/SMX
76
if UTI is PCN sensitive
cephalexin
77
if UTI is ampicillin sensitive
amoxicillin
78
first line UTI tx
TMP/SMX | or nitrofurantoin non monohydrate
79
infxn of renal parenchyma and collecting system (upper UTI)
pyelonephritis
80
most common cause of pyelonephritis
ecoli
81
hallmark finding of pyelonephritis
CVA tenderness
82
workup pyelonephritis
UA and culture, blood culture, CBC, chem 8, renal sonogram to exclude obstruction
83
tx pyelonephritis
IV abx, hydration and glucose monitoring | low threshold for hospitalization (DM, Preggers etc)
84
what if there is obstruction with pyelonephtritis?
decompress with percutaneous tube or ureteral stent
85
stomes with: hyper calciuria, hyperoxaluria (bypass pt), hypocitraturia, low urine volume
calcium stones
86
uric acid stone signs
acidic urine, elevated serum uric acid
87
struvite stones
from chronic upper tract infection, urease positive organisms, can lead to staghorn calculi
88
Cystine stones
from autosomal recessive disorder
89
mucnex stones or HIV drug stones
will be cysteine stones
90
most common stone
calcium containing
91
3 tight spots for urinary stones
1. UPJ: ureterpelvic junction 2. Iliac vessels / pelvic brim 3. Ureteropelvic junction (UVJ)
92
if stone in distal ureter__% will pass
if under 4 mm, 90% pass
93
when is surgery indicated for ureteral stones
1. too large to pass 2. pain severity 3. recurrent UTI 4. high risk non compliant 5. staghorn calculi
94
hypercalciuria tx
loop diuretics
95
hypocitraturia tx
citrate supplementation - avoid excess vit. C
96
hyperoxaluria tx
calcium supplementation

Repro Med Test 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions