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Foundations-Women's Health > Ovarian Cysts/tumors > Flashcards

Ovarian Cysts/tumors Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

When should ovaries NOT be palpable?

A

Pre-menarchal

Post-menopausal: non-palpable w/in 3 years

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2
Q

What % of reproductive women are the ovaries palpable?

A

50%

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3
Q

What are the size of simple cysts in premenopausal? postmenopausal?

A 
Premonopausal= <3 cm
Postmenopausal= <1 cm
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4
Q

What is this describing?

Hyper echoic nodule with distal acoustic shadowing

A

Benign Teratoma

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5
Q

What is this describing?

Network of linear curvilinear pattern

A

Hemorrhagic Cyst

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6
Q

What is this describing?

Homogenous echos

A

Endometrioma

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7
Q

Describe the appearance of a malignant adnexal mass/cyst

A
  1. Solid
  2. Nodular/papillary
  3. Blood flow
  4. Thick septations= >2 mm
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8
Q

List the Functional Ovarian Cysts

A
  1. Follicular Cyst=MC*
  2. Corpus Luteum Cysts
  3. Theca Lutein Cysts
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9
Q

What is the MC type of functional ovarian cyst?

A

Follicular cyst

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10
Q

What do follicular cyst result from?

A
  1. Failure of mature follicle to rupture

2. Failure of non-dominant follicles to undergo atresia

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11
Q

What do Corpus Luteum Cysts result from? Si/sx?

A

Failure of corps luteum resorption following ovulation= Continues to produce Progesterone=Missed/Delayed period

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12
Q

What is the fluid appearance of Theca Lutein Cysts?

A

Clear, Straw colored

B/L

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13
Q

What do Theca Lutein Cysts result from?

A

Increased chorionic gonadotropin levels:

  1. Hydatidorm mole
  2. Choriocarcinoma
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14
Q

List the Nonfunctional Epithelial Cell Ovarian Tumors

A
  1. Serous
  2. Mucionus
  3. Endometriod
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15
Q

What is the MC Epithelial Cell Tumor? Presenting age?

A

Serous Cystadenoma

30-50 y.o.

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16
Q

Serous Cystadenoma treatment

A

Surgical: Cystectomy vs. Oophorectomy

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17
Q

Mucinous cyst adenoma (epithelial tumor) US findings

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A

Multiocular septations

Large

18
Q

Mucinous cyst adenoma (epithelial tumor) treatment

19
Q

What is the presenting age in germ cell tumors, teratoma?

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A

Reproductive age=30

20
Q

Teratoma clinical presentation

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A
  1. Asx: Incidental findings
  2. Pelvic Pain: occurs secondary to torsion/rupture (rare)
  3. Urinary urgency/frequency
  4. Back pain
21
Q

What would you order if you suspect a teratoma?

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A
  1. Transvaginal US: Unilateral, complex cyst

2. CEA, CA-125, AFG, BHCG= Normal

22
Q

Teratoma treatment

23
Q

List the Stromal Cell tumors. What is unique about these tumors?

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A
  1. Granulosa Theca Cell Tumors
  2. Sertoli-Leydig Cell tumors

*Malignant Potential

24
Q

What do Granulosa Theca Cell Tumors produce? Along which cell type line?

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A

Produce Estrogen

Develop Along Female Cell Type

25
What do Sertoli-Leydig Cell tumors produce? Along which cell type?
Produce Androgen | Male gonadal tissue type
26
What is the 2nd MC gynecologic CA?
Ovarian CA
27
Ovarian CA RF's
1. FHx: Ovarian, breast or colorectal CA (BRCA, Lynch Syndrome) 2. Personal Hx of Breast CA 3. Increased # of ovulatory cycles 4. Obesity 5. Endometriosis
28
What reduces your risk of ovarian cancer?
1. Long term OCP's 2. Multiparity, breastfeeding 3. Low fat diet 4. B/L Salpingectomy
29
List the 4 types of ovarian cancer
1. Epithelial 2. Germ Cell 3. Sex Cord and Stromal 4. Neoplasma Metastatic to ovary
30
What tumor suppressor gene mutation is associated with epithelial ovarian CA? At what part of the Fallopian tube does the mutation occur?
P53 | DISTAL Fallopian tube
31
What is the MC epithelial ovarian CA? Where does it arise from?
High Grade Serous Carcinoma | Arises from Fallopian tubes
32
Are germ cell ovarian cancers normally unilateral or bilateral?
UNILATERAL
33
What is the MC germ cell ovarian cancer?
Dysgerminoma
34
Which germ cell ovarian cancer is the ONLY one that is NOT unilateral
Endodermal Sinus Tumor=Bilateral
35
Which germ cell ovarian cancer is the ONLY one that does NOT produce AFP tumor marker? What tumor marker does it produce?
Dysgerminoma= LDH, +/- hCG
36
What is the MC sex cord and stromal cancer? What age does it present? What does it produce?
Granulosa Cell 50's Hyperestrogenism: precocious puberty, postmenopausal bleeding
37
Ovarian CA clinical presentation
1. Abd bloating/distention 2. Abd/pelvic pain 3. Early satiety 4. Lethargy 5. Urinary Urgency
38
Ovarian CA physical exam findings
1. Ascites | 2. Pelvic mass
39
What kind of ovarian cancer would show an increase in CA-125
Epithelial
40
What kind of ovarian would have increased hCG, AFP, LDH?
Germ Cell
41
Ovarian CA treatment
1. Consult Gynecologist Oncologist 2. Surgical 3. Chemotherapy: advanced dz

Foundations-Women's Health (8 decks)

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