Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

O&G > Ovarian cysts > Flashcards

Ovarian cysts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of ovarian cyst?

A

Follicular cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a follicular cyst?

A

Cyst that occurs due to non-rupture of the dominant follicle or failure of atresia in a non-dominant follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a corpus luteum cyst?

A

If the corpus luteum does not break down at the end of the menstrual cycle then it may fill with blood/fluid and form a cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common benign ovarian tumour in women <30 years?

A

Dermoid cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a dermoid cyst?

A
  • Also called mature cystic teratoma

- Usually lined with epithelial tissue - may contain skin appendages, hair, and teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How often are dermoid cysts bilateral?

A

10-20% of cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common type of benign epithelial tumour?

A

Serous cystadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the second most common type of benign epithelial tumour?

A

Mucinous cystadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which ovarian mass(es) may cause pseudomyxoma peritonei?

A

Mucinous cystadenoma

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the types of ovarian tumours from most to least common.

A
  1. Surface derived (epithelial) tumours (65%)
  2. Germ cell tumours (15-20%)
  3. Metastatic tumours (Krukenberg - 5%)
  4. Sex-cord stromal tumours (3-5%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe serous cystadenocarcinomas.

A
  • Malignant epithelial tumour
  • Often bilateral
  • Psammoma bodies seen (collection of calcium)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe mucinous cystadenocarcinomas.

A
  • Malignant epithelial tumour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe Brenner tumours.

A
  • Benign epithelial tumour
  • Contain Walthard cell rests (benign clusters of epithelial cells)
  • Typically have ‘coffee bean’ nuclei
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe dysgerminomas.

A
  • Most common malignant germ cell tumours

- Similar histological appearance to testicular seminomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which condition are dysgerminomas associated with?

A

Turner’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which hormones are secreted by dysgerminomas?

A

hCG and LDH

17
Q

Describe yolk sac tumours.

A

Malignant germ cell tumour

18
Q

Which hormone is secreted by yolk sac tumours?

19
Q

Describe granulosa cell tumours.

A

The only malignant sex-cord stromal tumour of the ovaries

20
Q

Which hormone is secreted by granulosa cell tumours? What effect does this have?

A
  • Oestrogen
  • Precocious puberty in children
  • Endometrial hyperplasia in adults
21
Q

Describe Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours.

A

Benign sex cord stromal tumour

22
Q

Which hormone is secreted by Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours? What effect does this have?

A
  • Testosterone

- Has masculinising effects

23
Q

Which condition is associated with Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours?

A

Peutz-Jegher syndrome

24
Q

Describe fibromas of the ovaries.

A

Benign sex cord stromal tumour

25
Which condition is associated with fibromas of the ovaries?
Meigs' syndrome --> ascites, pleural effusion
26
How do fibromas of the ovaries usually present?
Menopausal women presenting with a 'pulling' sensation in the pelvis
27
Describe Krukenberg tumours.
- Metastatic tumour | - Metastases from a GI tumour resulting in a mucin-secreting signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma
28
What are the risk factors for ovarian cancer?
- BRCA1, BRCA2 - Early menarche - Late menopause - Nulliparity
29
What are the clinical features of ovarian cancer?
- Abdominal distension and bloating - Abdominal and pelvic pain - Urinary symptoms (urgency) - Early satiety - Diarrhoea
30
What investigations should be performed if ovarian cancer is suspected?
- TVUS | - CA125
31
What factors make up the risk of malignancy index (RMI)?
USS score * menopausal status * CA-125
32
Describe stage 1 of ovarian cancer (FIGO staging).
Stage 1 - Disease macroscopically confined to the ovaries 1a - One ovary is affected, capsule is intact 1b - Both ovaries are affected, capsule is intact 1c - 1a or b with tumour on the surface, ruptured capsule, cytologically +ve ascites, or +ve peritoneal washings
33
Describe stage 2 of ovarian cancer (FIGO staging).
Disease extending to the pelvis (uterus, fallopian tubes, other pelvic tissues)
34
Describe stage 3 of ovarian cancer (FIGO staging).
Abdominal disease and/or affected lymph nodes | The omentum, small bowel and peritoneum are frequently involved
35
Describe stage 4 of ovarian cancer (FIGO staging).
Metastasis - Disease is beyond the abdomen (lungs or liver parenchyma)
36
What is the management of ovarian cancer?
Surgery + platinum-based chemotherapy

O&G (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions