ovarian cyst, torsion and cervical ectropion

Question 1

what is an ovarian cyst?

Answer 1

fluid filled ovarian sacs

Question 2

what are some causes of ovarian cysts?

Answer 2

1. follicle underdevelopment, corpus luteum cyst, follicular cyst
2. Functional
3. Neoplatic = Endometrioma (chocolate cyst) + ovarian cancer subtype (adenomas)
4. Non func cysts = PCOS

Question 3

what is the MC cause of big ovaries in a female of reproductive age?

Answer 3

follicular cyst

Question 4

Ddx for ovarian cyst?
why isn’t it this?

Answer 4

ovarian cancer
these usually affect premenstrual females

Question 5

what is the MC benign ovary tumour/cyst in under 25s?

Answer 5

Teratoma (dermatosi cyst)

Question 6

Sx of ovarian cysts?

Answer 6

Bloating, painful periods, dysuria, low fertility

Question 7

complications of ovarian cysts?

Answer 7

Meig syndrome
Cyst rupture (+ SBP + SHOCK)
Cyst haemorrhage
ovarian torsion

Question 8

what is ovarian torsion?
ages it affects?

Answer 8

ovary twists on itself on a longitudinal axis
15-45 y

Question 9

RF for ovarian torsion?

Answer 9

cysts
IVF
Pelvic surgery

Question 10

Sx of ovarian torsion?

Answer 10

severe unilateral RIF/LIF Pain
N+V
Painful walk

Question 11

what happens in <24 hr and >24hr in regards to pain and why?

Answer 11

<24 hr= ischemia = lots of pain

> 24 hr = necrotic = painless

Question 12

Dx of ovarian torsion?

Answer 12

urine beta hCG = negative (r/o ectopic)

Colour doppler TV USS

Question 13

what would be seen on doppler TV USS?

Answer 13

Colour doppler TV USS = WHIRLPOOL sign + fluid around ovary, ischemia

Question 14

Tx for ovarian torsion?

Answer 14

surgical detorsion

Question 15

what is cervical ectropion?

Answer 15

ectopic cervical glandular columnar epithelium around external OS

Question 16

what type of cell should It be instead?

Answer 16

squamous cells

Question 17

what is cervical ectropion common in?

Answer 17

young females with high oestrogen eg. COCP

Question 18

Sx of cervical ectropion?

Answer 18

lots of discharge
post coital bleeding (PCB) - PAINLESS
rarely deep dysparanunia

Question 19

Dx of cervical ectropion?

Answer 19

Red ring around os

Question 20

Tx for cervical ectropion?

Answer 20

REASSURE!!!

consider stopping COCP (change to POP instead)

Last line = ablative surgery

Question 21

what is the MC identifiable post coital bleeding cause?

Answer 21

cervical ectropion