Ovarian Cyst Flashcards
What are the functional cysts?
Follicular (most common)
Corpus luteal
Theca Lutein
How does a follicular cyst look?
§ Cyst = >3cm (>5cm is at risk of torsion)
§ USS: thin walled, unilocular, anechoic
How does a corpus luteal cyst look?
§ Occur after ovulation, may rupture at the end of the menstrual cycle
§ USS: diffusely thick wall, <3 cm, lacey pattern
How does a theca lutein cyst look?
§ Associated with pregnancy (high circulating gonadotrophins (e.g. hCG))
§ USS: bilaterally enlarged, multicystic ovaries, thin-walled and anechoic
§ Features:
· Can cause hypertension
· Often bilateral
· Resolve spontaneously
What are the inflammatory cysts?
Tubo ovarian
Endometrioma
Describe a tubo ovarian cyst
§ Features of PID
§ Tender adnexal mass
§ USS: ovary and tube cannot be distinguished from mass
Describe an endometrioma
§ Chocolate cyst
§ Associated with endometriosis
§ USS: unilocular with ground-glass echoes (50% of cases)
What are the types of dermoid cyst?
Mature- benign, solid or cystic
Immature- contains embryonic elements, malignant
What does a mature dermoid cyst look like on USS?
unilocular, diffusely or partially echogenic, may contain teeth, no internal vascularity
What are the types of epithelial cyst?
Serous cystadenoma
Mucinous Cystadenoma
Brenner’s Tumour
How does a serous cystadenoma look?
Most common ovarian neoplasm
§ Usually unilocular
§ Often bilateral
§ USS: unilocular, anechoic, no flow on colour Doppler
How does a mucinous cystadenoma look?
§ Usually LARGE
§ USS: multiloculated, many thin separations, low echogenicity due to mucin
How does a Brenner’s tumour look?
§ Small
§ Contain urothelial-like epithelium
§ USS: hypoechoic, occasionally calcifications may be seen
What are the sex cord stromal tumours?
Fibroma
Thecoma
Granulosa cell
What does a fibroma look like?
§ Benign, no endocrine production
§ USS: solid, hypoechoic mass
