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A&P Speech Mechanism > Outline 14 - Skull and Facial Skeleton (EXAM 4) > Flashcards

Outline 14 - Skull and Facial Skeleton (EXAM 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Brain at birth is __% of adult volume

A

25%

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2
Q

By 2 years, the brain is __% of its adult volume

A

75%

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3
Q

what is Plagiocephaly?

A

when the head is being pressed so consistently that it develops a flat spot

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4
Q

what is Cranial synostosis ?

A

The bones of the skull has already fused by the time the baby is born

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5
Q

what is a fontanelle?

A

gaps in the skull

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6
Q

Name the Skull bones. (hint: 8 ; FPOTES)

A
  1. Frontal bone
  2. Parietal bone (paired)
  3. Occipital bone
  4. Temporal bone (paired)
  5. Ethmoid bone
  6. Sphenoid bone
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7
Q

what does the frontal bone form?

A

the forehead (squamous portion)

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8
Q

what does the Parietal bone form ?

A
  • mid-portion of skull
  • skull cap
  • bulk of brain base
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9
Q

what does the occipital bone form?

A

back and part of the underside of the skull (posterior and inferior)

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10
Q

what does the occipital bone articulate (connect) with?

A

vertebral column

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11
Q

what does the temporal bone form?

A

the side of the skull and houses sensory organs for hearing and balance

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12
Q

what does the ethmoid bone form?

A

a small portion of the anterior floor of the cranial cavity

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13
Q

what does the sphenoid bone form?

A

bulk of the floor of the mid-portion of the cranial cavity

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14
Q

Name the 4 paranasal sinuses (hint: FMES)

A
  1. Frontal (paired)
  2. Maxillary (paired)
  3. Ethmoid
  4. Sphenoid (paired)
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15
Q

where does the frontal sinus open up to?

A

anterior part of the nasal cavity

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16
Q

what is the largest paranasal sinus?

A

maxillary

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17
Q

what is the primary function of paranasal sinuses?

what are the other functions?

A
  • reduce the weight of the skull

- skull and facial growth; give room for bones to expand

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18
Q

Facial Skeleton – 14 bones (6 paired)

A
  1. Mandible
  2. Maxilla (paired)
  3. vomer
  4. lacrimal bone (paired)
  5. nasal bone (paired)
  6. Zygomatic bone (paired)
  7. Palatine (paired)
  8. Inferior concha (paired)
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19
Q

what does the mandible form?

A

forms the lower jaw

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20
Q

what does maxilla form?

A

upper jaw

  • roof of your mouth
  • floor of your nose
  • floor of your orbital cavity
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21
Q

what is the most inferior and posterior part of the nasal septum?

A

vomer

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22
Q

what are the 4 processes of maxilla

A

i. Zygomatic
ii. Frontal
iii. Alveolar
iv. Palatine

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23
Q

what does the Lacrimal bone (paired) form?

A

a portion of the medial wall of the orbital cavities

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24
Q

what does the Nasal bone (paired) form?

A

bridge of the nose

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25
Q

what does the zygomatic bone (paired) form?

A
  • cheek bones

- part of the orbit of the eye

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26
Q

what does palatine form?

A
  • part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavities (vertical)

- posterior part of hard palate (horizontal)

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27
Q

what does the Inferior concha (paired) form?

A

Forms a portion of the lateral wall of nasal cavities

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28
Q

Name the bones for the orbit of the eye (7 bones).

A

a. Frontal
b. Sphenoid
c. Maxilla
d. Zygomatic
e. Palatine (tiny piece)
f. Lacrimal
g. Ethmoid (perpendicular plate)

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29
Q

The orbit of the eye is divided into 6 different areas.

Name them.

A

roof, floor, medial wall, lateral wall, base, apex

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30
Q

what does the concha/turbinates provide?

A

more surface area for air to rush over in order to warm and humidify

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31
Q

what is the largest of the concha?

A

Inferior concha

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32
Q

how many nasal bones do you have?

A

2

33
Q

what is the other term for “cranial synostosis” ?

A

Synostotic Plagiocephali

34
Q

true or false.

cranial synostosis or Synostotic Plagiocephali is very rare.

As a result the baby will get a bulgy head once brain growth starts and eyes will bulge too and this will cause a cognitive problem.

A

true

35
Q

what type of fontanelles do infants have?

A

anterior and lateral

36
Q

What is the decision threshold for cranial synostosis or Synostotic Plagiocephali?

A

6 months

37
Q

What does the anterior of front bone form?

what margin is this?

A
  • eye sockets

- supraorbital margin

38
Q

what does the temporal bone articulate with?

A

parietal bone

39
Q

what is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone?

A

cheek bones

40
Q

what is the mastoid process filled with?

A

mastoid air cells

41
Q

what are the origin(s) of styloid process of temporal bone?

A
  • stylohyoid
  • stylopharyngeus
  • styloglossus
42
Q

what does the tympanic part of temporal bone form?

A

floor and walls for external auditory meatus/ear canal

43
Q

The petrous portion of temporal bone helps to form what?

A

base of the skull

44
Q

where does levator veil palatini arise from?

A

temporal bone

45
Q

what does the ethmoid bone contribute with?

A
  • Contributes to nasal septum with the perpendicular plate

- Contributes to the middle and superior nasal cavity with the cribriform plate

46
Q

Ethmoid bone has the Crista Galli (the cock’s comb).

What is it an example of?

A

blade

47
Q

What will happen if you hit someone under nose where crista galli is located?

A

it will push the bone up into the brain and kill the person

48
Q

what concha does the ethmoid consist of ?

A

superior and middle nasal

49
Q

In ethmoid bone, what is the space between the plates and conchi?

A

nostrils

50
Q

what is the most complicated bone in the body?

A

sphenoid bone

51
Q

what shape is the sphenoid bone?

A

butterfly shaped

52
Q

What does the sphenoid bone consist of?

A

optic chaism

53
Q

what does “optic chaism” mean?

A

where optic nerves cross

54
Q

what does the sphenoid bone articulate with?

A
  • all cranial bones
  • vomer (part of septum
  • palatine
  • maxilla
55
Q

the sphenoid bone, forms part of what?

A

nasal and pharyngeal cavities

56
Q

what wings does sphenoid bone consist of?

A

lesser and greater wing

57
Q

what is the hamulus of sphenoid bone?

A

medial pterygoid plate

58
Q

what are the sinuses line with?

A

ciliated mucus membrane

59
Q

what are Nasal sinuses and mastoid process more susceptible to?

A

infection

60
Q

what does the mastoid cell surround?

A

middle ear

61
Q

what are the sinuses of ethmoid (paranasal)

A
  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
62
Q

what does rams mean?

A

part that goes up

63
Q

what is the largest skeletal bone?

A

mandible

64
Q

what does the ramus of mandible bifurcate to?

A

condyle process and coronoid process

65
Q

what kind of muscle is temporalis

A

jaw closing muscle

66
Q

what is the point of chin called?

A

menton

67
Q

what is on the inside of the mandible?

A
  • mylohyoid line
  • alveolar ridge
  • metal spines
68
Q

what is the facial bone of midface and anterior face called?

A

maxilla bone

69
Q

true or false.

maxilla bone It’s a paired bone but we refer to it in singular form.

A

true

70
Q

what does the maxilla bone separate?

A

oral and nasal cavities.

71
Q

what does the maxilla bone contain?

A

Contains canine eminences and Anterior nasal spine

72
Q

what is the most inferior portion of the columella?

A

Anterior nasal spine

73
Q

what is the origin of cleft palate?

A

palatine

74
Q

How does cleft palate occur?

A

when palatine process does not fuse in a certain window of time in utero

75
Q

What is does vomer articulate with?

A

maxilla and perpendicular plate of Ethmoid

76
Q

what does the vomer form?

A

lower part of the nasal septum

77
Q

what border are the lacrimal bones a part of in the nasal cavity?

what border are the lacrimal bones a part of in the orbit of the eye?

A
  • lateral borders

- medial borders

78
Q

what are the processes of the zygomatic bone (paired) ?

A
  • frontal process
  • temporal process
  • maxillary process

A&P Speech Mechanism (6 decks)

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