Outline 14 - Skull and Facial Skeleton (EXAM 4) Flashcards by sheila tanedo

Brain at birth is __% of adult volume

25%

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By 2 years, the brain is __% of its adult volume

75%

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what is Plagiocephaly?

when the head is being pressed so consistently that it develops a flat spot

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what is Cranial synostosis ?

The bones of the skull has already fused by the time the baby is born

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what is a fontanelle?

gaps in the skull

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Name the Skull bones. (hint: 8 ; FPOTES)

Frontal bone
Parietal bone (paired)
Occipital bone
Temporal bone (paired)
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone

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what does the frontal bone form?

the forehead (squamous portion)

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what does the Parietal bone form ?

mid-portion of skull
skull cap
bulk of brain base

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what does the occipital bone form?

back and part of the underside of the skull (posterior and inferior)

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what does the occipital bone articulate (connect) with?

vertebral column

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what does the temporal bone form?

the side of the skull and houses sensory organs for hearing and balance

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what does the ethmoid bone form?

a small portion of the anterior floor of the cranial cavity

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what does the sphenoid bone form?

bulk of the floor of the mid-portion of the cranial cavity

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Name the 4 paranasal sinuses (hint: FMES)

Frontal (paired)
Maxillary (paired)
Ethmoid
Sphenoid (paired)

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where does the frontal sinus open up to?

anterior part of the nasal cavity

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what is the largest paranasal sinus?

maxillary

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what is the primary function of paranasal sinuses?

what are the other functions?

reduce the weight of the skull

- skull and facial growth; give room for bones to expand

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Facial Skeleton – 14 bones (6 paired)

Mandible
Maxilla (paired)
vomer
lacrimal bone (paired)
nasal bone (paired)
Zygomatic bone (paired)
Palatine (paired)
Inferior concha (paired)

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what does the mandible form?

forms the lower jaw

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what does maxilla form?

upper jaw

roof of your mouth
floor of your nose
floor of your orbital cavity

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what is the most inferior and posterior part of the nasal septum?

vomer

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what are the 4 processes of maxilla

i. Zygomatic
ii. Frontal
iii. Alveolar
iv. Palatine

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what does the Lacrimal bone (paired) form?

a portion of the medial wall of the orbital cavities

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what does the Nasal bone (paired) form?

bridge of the nose

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what does the zygomatic bone (paired) form?

- cheek bones | - part of the orbit of the eye

what does palatine form?

- part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavities (vertical) | - posterior part of hard palate (horizontal)

what does the Inferior concha (paired) form?

Forms a portion of the lateral wall of nasal cavities

Name the bones for the orbit of the eye (7 bones).

a. Frontal b. Sphenoid c. Maxilla d. Zygomatic e. Palatine (tiny piece) f. Lacrimal g. Ethmoid (perpendicular plate)

The orbit of the eye is divided into 6 different areas. Name them.

roof, floor, medial wall, lateral wall, base, apex

what does the concha/turbinates provide?

more surface area for air to rush over in order to warm and humidify

what is the largest of the concha?

Inferior concha

how many nasal bones do you have?

what is the other term for "cranial synostosis" ?

Synostotic Plagiocephali

true or false. cranial synostosis or Synostotic Plagiocephali is very rare. As a result the baby will get a bulgy head once brain growth starts and eyes will bulge too and this will cause a cognitive problem.

true

what type of fontanelles do infants have?

anterior and lateral

What is the decision threshold for cranial synostosis or Synostotic Plagiocephali?

6 months

What does the anterior of front bone form? what margin is this?

- eye sockets | - supraorbital margin

what does the temporal bone articulate with?

parietal bone

what is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone?

cheek bones

what is the mastoid process filled with?

mastoid air cells

what are the origin(s) of styloid process of temporal bone?

- stylohyoid - stylopharyngeus - styloglossus

what does the tympanic part of temporal bone form?

floor and walls for external auditory meatus/ear canal

The petrous portion of temporal bone helps to form what?

base of the skull

where does levator veil palatini arise from?

temporal bone

what does the ethmoid bone contribute with?

- Contributes to nasal septum with the perpendicular plate | - Contributes to the middle and superior nasal cavity with the cribriform plate

Ethmoid bone has the Crista Galli (the cock's comb). What is it an example of?

blade

What will happen if you hit someone under nose where crista galli is located?

it will push the bone up into the brain and kill the person

what concha does the ethmoid consist of ?

superior and middle nasal

In ethmoid bone, what is the space between the plates and conchi?

nostrils

what is the most complicated bone in the body?

sphenoid bone

what shape is the sphenoid bone?

butterfly shaped

What does the sphenoid bone consist of?

optic chaism

what does "optic chaism" mean?

where optic nerves cross

what does the sphenoid bone articulate with?

- all cranial bones - vomer (part of septum - palatine - maxilla

the sphenoid bone, forms part of what?

nasal and pharyngeal cavities

what wings does sphenoid bone consist of?

lesser and greater wing

what is the hamulus of sphenoid bone?

medial pterygoid plate

what are the sinuses line with?

ciliated mucus membrane

what are Nasal sinuses and mastoid process more susceptible to?

infection

what does the mastoid cell surround?

middle ear

what are the sinuses of ethmoid (paranasal)

- superior - middle - inferior

what does rams mean?

part that goes up

what is the largest skeletal bone?

mandible

what does the ramus of mandible bifurcate to?

condyle process and coronoid process

what kind of muscle is temporalis

jaw closing muscle

what is the point of chin called?

menton

what is on the inside of the mandible?

- mylohyoid line - alveolar ridge - metal spines

what is the facial bone of midface and anterior face called?

maxilla bone

true or false. maxilla bone It’s a paired bone but we refer to it in singular form.

true

what does the maxilla bone separate?

oral and nasal cavities.

what does the maxilla bone contain?

Contains canine eminences and Anterior nasal spine

what is the most inferior portion of the columella?

Anterior nasal spine

what is the origin of cleft palate?

palatine

How does cleft palate occur?

when palatine process does not fuse in a certain window of time in utero

What is does vomer articulate with?

maxilla and perpendicular plate of Ethmoid

what does the vomer form?

lower part of the nasal septum

what border are the lacrimal bones a part of in the nasal cavity? what border are the lacrimal bones a part of in the orbit of the eye?

- lateral borders | - medial borders

what are the processes of the zygomatic bone (paired) ?

- frontal process - temporal process - maxillary process