Outline 11 - Larynx Flashcards
function of extrinsic muscle
moves and keeps the larynx in position
extrinsic muscles has…
one attachment outside the larynx
What is the function of extrinsic muscles?
moves the larynx in throat or fixes the larynx in position.
move the larynx up for swallowing
does the larynx down for big breathing
what are the 2 groups of extrinsic muscles of the larynx
- suprahyoid
- infrahyoid
Where are the supra hyoid muscles located?
What is the function of the surpahyoid muscle?
muscles above the hyoid bone.
Laryngeal elevators (pull the larynx) Super important for swallowing
What are the surpahyoid muscles
Digastric (2 bellies)
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid
What are the two bellies of the digastric?
anterior and posterior
What’s the origin of the digastric?
medial inferior border of the mandible
What’s the course of the digastric?
Courses posteriorly and inferiorly to the hyoid bone, then to the intermediate tendon.
Where does the posterior belly go from and insert into?
goes from the intermediate tendon and inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
What is the function of the digastric muscle?
Moves the hyoid bone slightly forward
may help to drop the jaw
What does mylohyoid muscle form?
The floor of the mouth
What’s the origin of the mylohyoid muscle?
Origin: medial borders of the mandible (right and left)
What’s the course of the mylohyoid muscle?
mmm
the 2 parts of ________ MUSCLES are
- thyromuscularis
- thyrovocalis
thyroarytenoid
2 parts of the _______ muscles:
- oblique part
- transverse part
interarytenoid
2 parts of _____ muscles are
- pars oblique
- pars recta
cricrothyroid
what are 4 categories of intrinsic muscles
i. Adductors
ii. Abductors
iii. Glottal tensors
iv. Glottal relaxers
_____ muscle group is made up of the….
- lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
- transverse arytenoid muscles
adductor
muscles that govern abduction are the _____ _____ muscles. whilst the thyroarytenoid muscles and the vocalis muscles are responsible for relaxing them.
posterior cricoarytenoid muscles.
The _______ muscles are the …
- transverse arytenoid muscles
- oblique arytenoid muscles
- aryepiglottic muscles.
sphincter
The ____ muscles are responsible for tensing the vocal cords
cricothyroid
Glottal ______ (intrinsic muscle) are
- cricothyroid muscles
- thyroarytenoid muscles
tensor
Glottal ______ (intrinsic muscle) are
- lateral cricoarytenoids
- thyroarytenoids
relaxers
_____ ligaments
- connect cartilages of the larynx
- support structure for the larynx and vocal folds
Intrinsic
Intrinsic ____
Line the entire larynx except for a small interval between the vocal and ventricular ligaments
membranes
____ membranes of the larynx
- Quadrangular membrane
- Conus elastics
- Mucous membrane
intrinsic
connect the laryngeal apparatus with adjacent structures for support
what membrane is this?
extrinsic membranes
thyrohyoid membrane and Cricotracheal membrane are the _______ membranes
extrinsic
vocal fold is the _____ layer of mucous membrane
outtermost
Joints of the ___ ____
- Cricothyroid joint
- Cricoarytenoid joint
Laryngeal Cartilages
Cricothyroid joint controls ____ of vocal fold
length
help open, close, and tighten the vocal cords during speech and breathing
what joint is this?
Cricoarytenoid joint
Cricothyroid joint is a ___ joint
pivot
Cricroarytenoid joint is a ____ joint
saddle
3 types of cartilage
i. Hyaline
ii. Fibrous
iii. Elastic
What cartilage is most common the body?
Hyaline
Hyaline cartilage is found at the end of ____ and ____ .
bones and larynx
True or false.
Fibrous is inelastic
true
Where is fibrous cartilage found ?
some joints and ligaments
Where is elastic cartilage found ?
epiglottis, ears, and nose
Membrane that covers cartilage is called
perichondria
Define joint
functional connection that exits between bones
Types of joints
i. Synarthrodial
ii. Amphiarthrodial
iii. Synovial
True or false.
Synarthrodial joints are moveable
false!
give an example of a Synarthrodial joint
skull
Amphiarthrodial has ____ motion
limited
Amphiarthrodial found between ____
vertebrae
Synovial are ____ moving type of joint
freely
what is the most common kind of joint?
synovial
Types of _____ joint types
a. Plane or gliding
b. Ginglymus
c. Pivot
d. Condyloid
e. Saddle
f. Ball and socket
Synovial
Plane or gliding is
articular facets of vertebrae
“cup and saucer”
where is plane and gliding (synovial joint found) ?
vertebrae and ribs
Ginglymus is ___ joint
hinge joint.
Ginglymus large range of motion but only __ direction
1
Define Pivot joint
projection of 1 bone to another
where is pivot (synovial joint found) ?
between atlas and axis
Condyloid has a ___ motion
rocking
example of condyloid joint
mandible (jaw)
Saddle joint has an ___ range of motion
increase
true or false.
thumb is an example of a saddle joint
true
true or false.
Ball and socket is most freely movable
true
examples of ball and socket joint
shoulder and hip
____ has 3 functions …
- Protection for airway
- When closed, holds air in your thorax which helps make your upper body stronger for lifting, voiding, etc.
- Voice
Larynx
The primary function of larynx acts as a
valve
i. Hyoid bone
ii. Epiglottis
iii. Thyroid
iv. Cricoid
v. 2 arytenoids
vi. 2 corniculate
vii. 2 cuneiform
Nine ___ and one bone
cartilages
only bone in the larynx is
Hyoid bone
what cartilage is this?
“looks like a leaf and is made of elastic cartliage
epiglottis
Primary function of epiglottis
airway protection
what is the largest of the laryngeal cartilages ?
thyroid
thyroid cartilage is made up of ___ cartliage
hyaline
thyroid cartilage is AKA as
adam’s apple
Cricoid cartilage is a ________ because it is a closed ring
“specialized tracheal ring”
This cartilage is shaped like a ring and is the most inferior of the laryngeal cartilages…
cricoid cartilage
This cartilage paired is pyramidal in shape and its base articulates with cricoid cartilage…
arytenoid cartilage
arytenoid movement ____ and ____ vocal fold
open and closes
arytenoid cartilage contains ____ process
vocal
This cartilage paired lies on the apices of the arytenoid cartilages and are closed within the aryepiglottic folds…
2 corniculate cartilage
This cartilage is paired and lies in the aryepiglottic folds anterior to the corniculate cartilage…
Cuneiform Cartilage
mucous membrane lines ____ and ___ respiratory tract
upper and lower
thyroid cartilage attaches to the cricoid cartilage by the _____ ligaments
ceratocricoid
what hold Cricothyroid joints in place?
ceratocricoid ligaments
only muscle that opens true v.f. for breathing
posterior cricoarytenoids
glottal tensor ____ vocal fold
lengthen
glottal relaxer ___ vocal fold
shortens
place and space for supra glottal
vestibule and ventricle
goes from level of ventricular folds to level of aryepiglottic folds…
vestibule
space between true and false v.f.
ventricle
supra glottal is ___ glottis
above
this place and space goes from true vocal folds down to the border of cricoid cartilage)
Subglottal
below the cricoid cartilage is the
trachea
_____ is the space between the true vocal folds
glottis
“where true v.f. attach in front of the thyroid cartilage”
what commissure is this ?
anterior commissure
“where true vocal folds attach to back of arytenoids”
what commissure is this?
Posterior commissure
The anterior two-thirds of the vocal fold’s visible length and also, during breathing, the space between this segment of both folds
membranous glottis
The posterior one-third of the vocal fold’s visible length and also, during breathing, the space between this segment of both folds.
Cartilaginous glottis
special connective tissue formed by
chondroblasts
Mylohyoid muscle inserts at
Midline Ralphe
_____ muscle lower larynx and inferior part of hyoid bone
infrahyoid
_____ muscle - shape the glottis
intrinsic
