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A&P Speech Mechanism > Outline 11 - Larynx > Flashcards

Outline 11 - Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

function of extrinsic muscle

A

moves and keeps the larynx in position

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2
Q

extrinsic muscles has…

A

one attachment outside the larynx

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3
Q

What is the function of extrinsic muscles?

A

moves the larynx in throat or fixes the larynx in position.

move the larynx up for swallowing

does the larynx down for big breathing

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4
Q

what are the 2 groups of extrinsic muscles of the larynx

A
  • suprahyoid

- infrahyoid

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5
Q

Where are the supra hyoid muscles located?

What is the function of the surpahyoid muscle?

A

muscles above the hyoid bone.

Laryngeal elevators (pull the larynx) Super important for swallowing

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6
Q

What are the surpahyoid muscles

A

Digastric (2 bellies)

mylohyoid

geniohyoid

stylohyoid

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7
Q

What are the two bellies of the digastric?

A

anterior and posterior

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8
Q

What’s the origin of the digastric?

A

medial inferior border of the mandible

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9
Q

What’s the course of the digastric?

A

Courses posteriorly and inferiorly to the hyoid bone, then to the intermediate tendon.

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10
Q

Where does the posterior belly go from and insert into?

A

goes from the intermediate tendon and inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal bone.

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11
Q

What is the function of the digastric muscle?

A

Moves the hyoid bone slightly forward

may help to drop the jaw

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12
Q

What does mylohyoid muscle form?

A

The floor of the mouth

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13
Q

What’s the origin of the mylohyoid muscle?

A

Origin: medial borders of the mandible (right and left)

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14
Q

What’s the course of the mylohyoid muscle?

A

mmm

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15
Q

the 2 parts of ________ MUSCLES are

  • thyromuscularis
  • thyrovocalis
A

thyroarytenoid

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16
Q

2 parts of the _______ muscles:

  • oblique part
  • transverse part
A

interarytenoid

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17
Q

2 parts of _____ muscles are

  • pars oblique
  • pars recta
A

cricrothyroid

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18
Q

what are 4 categories of intrinsic muscles

A

i. Adductors
ii. Abductors
iii. Glottal tensors
iv. Glottal relaxers

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19
Q

_____ muscle group is made up of the….

  • lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
  • transverse arytenoid muscles
A

adductor

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20
Q

muscles that govern abduction are the _____ _____ muscles. whilst the thyroarytenoid muscles and the vocalis muscles are responsible for relaxing them.

A

posterior cricoarytenoid muscles.

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21
Q

The _______ muscles are the …

  • transverse arytenoid muscles
  • oblique arytenoid muscles
  • aryepiglottic muscles.
A

sphincter

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22
Q

The ____ muscles are responsible for tensing the vocal cords

A

cricothyroid

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23
Q

Glottal ______ (intrinsic muscle) are

  • cricothyroid muscles
  • thyroarytenoid muscles
A

tensor

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24
Q

Glottal ______ (intrinsic muscle) are

  • lateral cricoarytenoids
  • thyroarytenoids
A

relaxers

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25
Q

_____ ligaments

  • connect cartilages of the larynx
  • support structure for the larynx and vocal folds
A

Intrinsic

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26
Q

Intrinsic ____

Line the entire larynx except for a small interval between the vocal and ventricular ligaments

A

membranes

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27
Q

____ membranes of the larynx

  • Quadrangular membrane
  • Conus elastics
  • Mucous membrane
A

intrinsic

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28
Q

connect the laryngeal apparatus with adjacent structures for support

what membrane is this?

A

extrinsic membranes

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29
Q

thyrohyoid membrane and Cricotracheal membrane are the _______ membranes

A

extrinsic

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30
Q

vocal fold is the _____ layer of mucous membrane

A

outtermost

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31
Q

Joints of the ___ ____

  • Cricothyroid joint
  • Cricoarytenoid joint
A

Laryngeal Cartilages

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32
Q

Cricothyroid joint controls ____ of vocal fold

A

length

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33
Q

help open, close, and tighten the vocal cords during speech and breathing

what joint is this?

A

Cricoarytenoid joint

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34
Q

Cricothyroid joint is a ___ joint

A

pivot

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35
Q

Cricroarytenoid joint is a ____ joint

A

saddle

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36
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

i. Hyaline
ii. Fibrous
iii. Elastic

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37
Q

What cartilage is most common the body?

A

Hyaline

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38
Q

Hyaline cartilage is found at the end of ____ and ____ .

A

bones and larynx

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39
Q

True or false.

Fibrous is inelastic

A

true

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40
Q

Where is fibrous cartilage found ?

A

some joints and ligaments

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41
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found ?

A

epiglottis, ears, and nose

42
Q

Membrane that covers cartilage is called

A

perichondria

43
Q

Define joint

A

functional connection that exits between bones

44
Q

Types of joints

A

i. Synarthrodial
ii. Amphiarthrodial
iii. Synovial

45
Q

True or false.

Synarthrodial joints are moveable

A

false!

46
Q

give an example of a Synarthrodial joint

A

skull

47
Q

Amphiarthrodial has ____ motion

A

limited

48
Q

Amphiarthrodial found between ____

A

vertebrae

49
Q

Synovial are ____ moving type of joint

A

freely

50
Q

what is the most common kind of joint?

A

synovial

51
Q

Types of _____ joint types

a. Plane or gliding
b. Ginglymus
c. Pivot
d. Condyloid
e. Saddle
f. Ball and socket

A

Synovial

52
Q

Plane or gliding is

A

articular facets of vertebrae

“cup and saucer”

53
Q

where is plane and gliding (synovial joint found) ?

A

vertebrae and ribs

54
Q

Ginglymus is ___ joint

A

hinge joint.

55
Q

Ginglymus large range of motion but only __ direction

A

1

56
Q

Define Pivot joint

A

projection of 1 bone to another

57
Q

where is pivot (synovial joint found) ?

A

between atlas and axis

58
Q

Condyloid has a ___ motion

A

rocking

59
Q

example of condyloid joint

A

mandible (jaw)

60
Q

Saddle joint has an ___ range of motion

A

increase

61
Q

true or false.

thumb is an example of a saddle joint

A

true

62
Q

true or false.

Ball and socket is most freely movable

A

true

63
Q

examples of ball and socket joint

A

shoulder and hip

64
Q

____ has 3 functions …

  1. Protection for airway
  2. When closed, holds air in your thorax which helps make your upper body stronger for lifting, voiding, etc.
  3. Voice
A

Larynx

65
Q

The primary function of larynx acts as a

A

valve

66
Q

i. Hyoid bone
ii. Epiglottis
iii. Thyroid
iv. Cricoid
v. 2 arytenoids
vi. 2 corniculate
vii. 2 cuneiform

Nine ___ and one bone

A

cartilages

67
Q

only bone in the larynx is

A

Hyoid bone

68
Q

what cartilage is this?

“looks like a leaf and is made of elastic cartliage

A

epiglottis

69
Q

Primary function of epiglottis

A

airway protection

70
Q

what is the largest of the laryngeal cartilages ?

A

thyroid

71
Q

thyroid cartilage is made up of ___ cartliage

A

hyaline

72
Q

thyroid cartilage is AKA as

A

adam’s apple

73
Q

Cricoid cartilage is a ________ because it is a closed ring

A

“specialized tracheal ring”

74
Q

This cartilage is shaped like a ring and is the most inferior of the laryngeal cartilages…

A

cricoid cartilage

75
Q

This cartilage paired is pyramidal in shape and its base articulates with cricoid cartilage…

A

arytenoid cartilage

76
Q

arytenoid movement ____ and ____ vocal fold

A

open and closes

77
Q

arytenoid cartilage contains ____ process

A

vocal

78
Q

This cartilage paired lies on the apices of the arytenoid cartilages and are closed within the aryepiglottic folds…

A

2 corniculate cartilage

79
Q

This cartilage is paired and lies in the aryepiglottic folds anterior to the corniculate cartilage…

A

Cuneiform Cartilage

80
Q

mucous membrane lines ____ and ___ respiratory tract

A

upper and lower

81
Q

thyroid cartilage attaches to the cricoid cartilage by the _____ ligaments

A

ceratocricoid

82
Q

what hold Cricothyroid joints in place?

A

ceratocricoid ligaments

83
Q

only muscle that opens true v.f. for breathing

A

posterior cricoarytenoids

84
Q

glottal tensor ____ vocal fold

A

lengthen

85
Q

glottal relaxer ___ vocal fold

A

shortens

86
Q

place and space for supra glottal

A

vestibule and ventricle

87
Q

goes from level of ventricular folds to level of aryepiglottic folds…

A

vestibule

88
Q

space between true and false v.f.

A

ventricle

89
Q

supra glottal is ___ glottis

A

above

90
Q

this place and space goes from true vocal folds down to the border of cricoid cartilage)

A

Subglottal

91
Q

below the cricoid cartilage is the

A

trachea

92
Q

_____ is the space between the true vocal folds

A

glottis

93
Q

“where true v.f. attach in front of the thyroid cartilage”

what commissure is this ?

A

anterior commissure

94
Q

“where true vocal folds attach to back of arytenoids”

what commissure is this?

A

Posterior commissure

95
Q

The anterior two-thirds of the vocal fold’s visible length and also, during breathing, the space between this segment of both folds

A

membranous glottis

96
Q

The posterior one-third of the vocal fold’s visible length and also, during breathing, the space between this segment of both folds.

A

Cartilaginous glottis

97
Q

special connective tissue formed by

A

chondroblasts

98
Q

Mylohyoid muscle inserts at

A

Midline Ralphe

99
Q

_____ muscle lower larynx and inferior part of hyoid bone

A

infrahyoid

100
Q

_____ muscle - shape the glottis

A

intrinsic

A&P Speech Mechanism (6 decks)

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