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Exam 3 SPHP 111 > Outline 13: Velopharynx, Nasopharynx, Nasal Cavity, Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Outline 13: Velopharynx, Nasopharynx, Nasal Cavity, Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Velopharynx is…

A

opening between the mouth and nose

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2
Q

velum and soft palate closes this opening(velopharynx) so we can…

A

a. Impound oral pressure for speech
b. Hold thoracic air pressure for
i. Vomiting, voiding, coughing, clearing, lifting, the usual

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3
Q

what are the muscles of the soft palate?

A 
levator veli palatine
tensor veli palatine
uvulus
palatopharyngeus
innervation
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4
Q

what is levator veil palatine?

A

muscle of soft palate:
• Most important muscle of velar closure (Trigeminal, CN V)
• Arises from temporal bone; base of skull
• Inserts on a midline Raffey
• Primarily elevates

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5
Q

what is tensor veil palatine?

A 
muscle of soft palate:
•	Untwists Eustachian tube (opens it)
•	Arises from Torus tubarius 
•	Wraps around the Hamulus 
•	Innervated by Trigeminal; CN V
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6
Q

what is uvulus?

A 
muscle of soft palate:
•	Arises from hard palate 
•	Helps pick up velum
•	Helps form velum eminence 
•	Sucking
•	Swallowing
•	Where cleft palate can occur
•	Affects speech
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7
Q

what is palatopharyngeus?

A

muscle of soft palate:
• From velum; attaches below
• Can be damaged during tonsillectomy

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8
Q

what is innervation?

A

muscle of soft palate:
• Vagus innervates most of these muscles
• Innervated by Trigeminal

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9
Q

what is the role of the velum?

A

to close the opening between the mouth and nose

• Velum comes down from nose for breathing

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10
Q

what is closure pattern on velum?

A
  • Closure pattern makes a difference if velum is cleft (aka cleft palate)
  • Genetic
  • Cannot be trained to change shape
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11
Q

what is coronal of closure pattern (velum)?

A
  • Relies on movement of the velum
  • Velum moves up and back
  • Closure in coronal plane
  • Hyper nasal
  • Most common
  • AP closure (moves from anterior to posterior)
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12
Q

what is sagittal of closure pattern (velum)?

A
  • Superior Pharyngeal constrictor
  • Lateral pharyngeal walls that close in
  • Squeezes inwards
  • More rare
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13
Q

what is circular of closure pattern (velum)?

A
  • Velum & superior pharyngeal constrictor meet in the middle
  • The velum lifts and the lateral pharyngeal walls come in
  • uncommon
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14
Q

what is circular with Passavant’s Ridge of closure pattern (velum)?

A

• Superior pharyngeal constrictor looks like it has a cramp (muscle shoots out from SPC)
• Very rare
• Everything closes
c. Passavant’s Pad or Ridge

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15
Q

Nasopharynx is…

A
  • Important because of Eustachian tube

* Almost level with ears

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16
Q

what is eustachian tube (aka auditory tube)?

A
  • Links nasopharynx to the middle ear
  • Responsible for aeration of the middle ear
  • Closed under normal circumstances
  • Can allow in a small amount of air to equalize pressure to prevent damage
  • Yawning, swallowing, or gum chewing can be used intentionally to open the tube and equalize pressure (air plane)
  • In children the tube is flat and doesn’t drain as well; leads to middle ear infections
  • Cleft palate children have to get tubes inserted for draining immediately
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17
Q

What is torus tubarius?

A

• Base of Eustachian tube (opening)

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18
Q

what is adenoid pad?

A
  • Mass of soft tissue behind the nasal cavity
  • Part of the immune system
  • Disappear by adulthood
  • In children:
  • Enlarged adenoids: can interfere with breathing or flow of mucus
  • Ear infections: can block Eustachian tubes (drains fluid from ears to throat)
  • Sleep apnea: enlarged adenoid pads block the flow of air through the throat while sleeping
  • Person can stop breathing for a few seconds
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19
Q

what is nasal cavity?

A

• Affects vocal resonance

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20
Q

what is nasal septum?

A
  • Formed by projections of bones in the skull
  • Boney plate down the center of the nasal cavity
  • Smooth surface covered by mucus membrane
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21
Q

What is conchae or turbinates?

A
  • Boney structure
  • Turbinates: the name of the structure covered in tissue
  • When looking at the flesh
  • Designed to be humidifiers (makes the air more moist)
  • Sides of the nose
  • Has a superior, middle and inferior
  • Neck breathers get cold dry air
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22
Q

What is Nasal tip?

A
  • Literal tip of nose

* Anterior view

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23
Q

What is columella?

A
  • Right down the middle of the nasal cavity

* In front of nasal septum

24
Q

what is nares? (naris)

A

nostrils

25
Q

what is posterior choanae (posterior nares)?

A
  • The right or left opening from the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx
  • Posterior view
26
Q

oral cavity is…

A

articulators

27
Q

what are the tongue divisions?

A
  • Tongue tip aka Apex (/t/, /d/, /n/, /l/, /s/)
  • Blade/middle (/th/)
  • Root or base
  • Dorsum (/k/, /g/, /ng/)
28
Q

what do the intrinsic tongue muscles do?

what are they?

A 
•	Changes shape
•	Attachments inside the tongue 
superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
vertical longitudinal
transverse longitudinal
29
Q

What is superior longitudinal?

A 
intrinsic tongue muscle:
•	Underneath mucus membrane 
•	Thin layer of muscle on top of tongue
•	Anterior to posterior 
•	Has longitudinal & oblique fibers
•	Origin: root and lingualseptum
•	Raises tongue tip
•	In some people the edges curl (taco tongue)
•	Shortens the tongue
30
Q

what is inferior longitudinal?

A

intrinsic tongue muscle:
• Shortens tongue; pulls tongue tip down
• Arises from hyoid bone
• Muscle fibers under surface of tongue

31
Q

what is vertical longitudinal?

A

intrinsic tongue muscle:
• Flattens tongue
• Originates/rises from Dorsum
• Top to bottom

32
Q

What is transverse longitudinal?

A
  • Arises from the septum
  • Courses laterally to the edges of the tongue
  • Makes tongue skinny/narrow
  • Lengthens tongue bulges the tongue upwards for /r/ sounds
33
Q

what do the extrinsic tongue muscles do?

what are they?

A 
•	Changes position
•	Tongue is the fastest muscle in the body; finest motor movement we have
•	Paired muscles
•	1 attachment outside the tongue  
styloglossus
hyoglossus
genioglossus
palatoglossus
34
Q

what is styloglossus?

A
  • Smallest
  • Pulls tongue up and back
  • Arises from styloid process
  • Inserts side of tongue, near Dorsum
  • Mixed with Inferior Longitudinal
35
Q

what is hyoglossus?

A
  • Thin
  • Quadrilateral/Box shape
  • Arises from hyoid bone
  • Courses vertically & upwards
  • Mixes with Palatoglossus & Syloglossus
  • Pulls tongue down, and slightly backwards on contraction
  • Potentially pulls hyoid bone up
  • Important for voice clients
  • Tongue position influences larynx position, which influences voice
36
Q

what is genioglossus?

A 
•	Largest and strongest 
•	Flat; triangular shape
•	Arises from chin
•	Contraction: pulls tongue anteriorly, downward and potentially retracts the tongue
-makes trough in middle of tongue
37
Q

what is palatoglossus?

A
  • Muscle of Anterior Faucial pillar (Velum)
  • Superior muscle
  • From anterior of the palate
  • Inserts on sides of the tongue
  • Interacts with transverse
  • Lowers soft palate or raises back of tongue
38
Q

what is lingual septum?

A

down middle of the tongue

39
Q

what is alveolar ridge?

A

where teeth are inserted (pockets of teeth/insertion)

40
Q

What is distal surface (teeth)?

A

back of each tooth

moving away from center

41
Q

what is medial surface (teeth)

A

surface of the tooth that face the middle

42
Q

What is lingual surface (teeth)

A

towards the tongue

43
Q

What is buccal surface (teeth)

A

towards the cheek

44
Q

what is labial surface (teeth)

A

towards lips

45
Q

what is occlusion

A

• The relationship between the maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) teeth when they approach each other
-chewing or at rest

46
Q

what is deciduous?

A

baby teeth

47
Q

what is permanent dentition

A

adult teeth

48
Q

what is vermilion

A

lips:
perimeter of the lips
colored part of lips

49
Q

what is philtrum

A

lips

between 2 ridge on lips (line between/ontop cupid bow)

50
Q

what is hard palate?

A

i. Rugae: roof of mouth (ridges)
ii. Median palatine raphe: line down the middle
iii. Palatal vault or arch: arch of hard palate; height of palate

51
Q

what are facial pillars?

A

i. Anterior = Palatoglossus

ii. Posterior =Palatopharyngus

52
Q

what are tonsils?

A

glandular/lymphoid tissue

53
Q

what is lingual tonsils?

A
  • can fill up vallecular space
  • located at the base of the tongue
  • 2, one on each side
54
Q

what is palatine tonsils?

A
  • level of soft palate
  • back of the throat
  • right and left
55
Q

what is buccal cavity?

A

• In oral cavity
• Deals with Dysphagia
-when there is a loss of sensation people tend to pocket food
*indication of swallowing difficulty
*swallowing issues are usually sensory and motor
• Portion of oral cavity bound by teeth, cheeks and gums

56
Q

what is Waldeyers’ Ring?

A
  • ring of tonsillar tissue

- filter that traps bacteria and viruses

Exam 3 SPHP 111 (4 decks)

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